The
synergistic use of blends of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene)
(P3HT) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) or poly((vinylidene fluoride)-block-(methyl
methacrylate)) (PVDF-PMMA) to form Langmuir and Langmuir–Schaefer
(LS) films is reported. P3HT has wide applications in sensor devices
because of its properties such as conductivity, luminescence, and
chromism; however, the stiffness of the films and the difficulty in
organizing the molecules may pose a problem in these applications.
In this context, polymers based on PVDF can be used in the formation
of thin P3HT films and present an alternative to improve the organization
of P3HT molecules. In addition, PVDF acts as a plasticizer, making
the film less rigid. The films were obtained from the blends of P3HT/PVDF
and P3HT/PVDF-PMMA in a solution containing chloroform and DMAc (N,N-dimethylacetamide). Surface pressure
isotherms, in situ ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy,
polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy,
and Brewster angle microscopy techniques were used to analyze Langmuir
films. The surface morphology of LS films was characterized by atomic
force microscopy and UV–vis spectroscopy, and their degradation
was analyzed by UV–vis spectroscopy after exposure to natural
light under atmospheric conditions. The Langmuir films containing
PVDF indicate a direct formation of the ferroelectric β phase,
with dipoles parallel to the water surface. The Langmuir films formed
by P3HT presented dipoles of side chains parallel and aromatic groups
perpendicular to the water surface. P3HT and PVDF or PVDF-PMMA films
show high molecular organization compared with pure P3HT films. The
results suggest that these films could be used to improve the properties
of P3HT in several device applications, such as in optical and electrical
sensors.