Study of $$p_{T}$$ spectra of light particles using modified Hagedorn function and cosmic rays Monte Carlo event generators in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$ = 900 GeV

Ajaz, Muhammad; Peng, Guang; Yasin, Z.; Younis, H.; Ismail, Abd Al Karim Haj

doi:10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-02271-5

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition, T in

collisions are also shown, which is slightly lower than or approximately equal to that in peripheral

collisions at the same center of mass energy. We also note that T in

and

collisions increases with increasing

, which shows a differential freeze-out scenario that validates our previous results [ 17 , 20 , 53 , 54 , 56 ]. T is the temperature which includes the contribution of both the kinetic freeze-out temperature and radial flow; therefore, the freeze-out refers to the kinetic freeze-out.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

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Analyses of pp, Cu–Cu, Au–Au and Pb–Pb Collisions by Tsallis-Pareto Type Function at RHIC and LHC Energies

Ajaz

et al. 2022

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The parameters revealing the collective behavior of hadronic matter extracted from the transverse momentum spectra of π+, π−, K+, K−, p, p¯, Ks0, Λ, Λ¯, Ξ or Ξ−, Ξ¯+ and Ω or Ω¯+ or Ω+Ω¯ produced in the most central and most peripheral gold–gold (Au–Au), copper–copper (Cu–Cu) and lead–lead (Pb–Pb) collisions at 62.4 GeV, 200 GeV and 2760 GeV, respectively, are reported. In addition to studying the nucleus–nucleus (AA) collisions, we analyzed the particles mentioned above produced in pp collisions at the same center of mass energies (62.4 GeV, 200 GeV and 2760 GeV) to compare with the most peripheral AA collisions. We used the Tsallis–Pareto type function to extract the effective temperature from the transverse momentum spectra of the particles. The effective temperature is slightly larger in a central collision than in a peripheral collision and is mass-dependent. The mean transverse momentum and the multiplicity parameter (N0) are extracted and have the same result as the effective temperature. All three extracted parameters in pp collisions are closer to the peripheral AA collisions at the same center of mass energy, revealing that the extracted parameters have the same thermodynamic nature. Furthermore, we report that the mean transverse momentum in the Pb–Pb collision is larger than that of the Au–Au and Cu–Cu collisions. At the same time, the latter two are nearly equal, which shows their comparatively strong dependence on energy and weak dependence on the size of the system. The multiplicity parameter, N0 in central AA, depends on the interacting system’s size and is larger for the bigger system.

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“…In addition, T in

collisions are also shown, which is slightly lower than or approximately equal to that in peripheral

collisions at the same center of mass energy. We also note that T in

and

collisions increases with increasing

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The present work is a continuation of our work published in [ 16 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ] using different statistical fit functions to extract parameters relevant to the collective properties of the hadronic medium.…”

Section: The Methods and Formalismmentioning

confidence: 94%

Analyses of pp, Cu–Cu, Au–Au and Pb–Pb Collisions by Tsallis-Pareto Type Function at RHIC and LHC Energies

Ajaz

et al. 2022

Entropy

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“…The Hagedorn function [27][28][29][30] or quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculus [31][32][33] describes that the high p T region is generally contributed by the hard scattering process. The Hagedorn function is an inverse power law, and in our opinion it has at least three revisions [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Formalism and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle species and energy dependencies of freeze-out parameters in high-energy proton–proton collisions

et al. 2022

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We used blast wave model with Tsallis statistics to analyze the experimental data measured by ALICE Collaboration in proton-proton collisions at Large Hadron Collider and extracted the related parameters (kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freeze-out volume of emission source) from transverse momentum spectra of the particles. We found that the kinetic freeze-out temperature and kinetic freeze-out volume are mass dependent. The former increase while the latter decrease with the particle mass which is the evidence of a mass as well as volume differential kinetic freeze-out scenario. Furthermore we extracted the mean transverse momentum and initial temperature by an indirect method and observed that they increase with mass of the particles. All the above discussed parameters are observed to increase with energy. Triton (t), hyper-triton ( 3 ΛH ) and helion ( 3 He) and their anti-matter are observed to freeze-out at the same time due to isospin symmetry.

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“…The p T spectra of hadrons are important tools to understand the dynamics of the particles production in high energy collisions, and we can extract the freezeout parameters such as chemical freeze-out temperature (T ch ), kinetic freeze-out temperature (T 0 ), effective temperature (T ), transverse flow velocity (β T ) and kinetic freeze-out volume (V ) from the p T spectra of the particles by using different hydrodynamical models such as Blastwave model with Boltzmann Gibbs statisitcs [28,29,30], blast wave model with Tsallis statistics [31], Hagedorn thermal model [32], Standard distribution [33], modified hagedron model [34] and other thermodynamic models [35,36,37,38,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the freeze-out parameters in B–B, O–O, Ca–Ca and Au–Au collisions at 39 GeV

et al. 2022

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We analyzed the transverse momentum spectra of proton, deuteron and triton in Boron-Boron (B-B), Oxygen-Oxygen (O-O), and Calcium-Calcium (Ca-Ca) central collisions, as well as in several centrality bins in Gold-Gold (Au-Au) collisions at 39 GeV by using the blast wave model with Tsallis statistics. The bulk properties in terms of kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freeze-out volume are extracted from the model by the least square method. We observed that with increasing the rest mass of the particle, the kinetic freeze-out temperature becomes larger, while transverse flow velocity and the kinetic freeze-out volume reduces. These parameters are also found to depend on the size of the system. Larger the size of the system, the larger they are. Furthermore, the kinetic freeze-out temperature in peripheral Au-Au collisions is close to the central O-O collisions. We also observed that the above parameters depend on the centrality, and they decrease from central to peripheral collisions. Besides, we also extracted the entropy-index parameter q, and the parameter N 0 which shows the multiplicity. Both of them depend on the size of interacting the system, rest mass of the particle and centrality. Both q and N 0 are larger for lighter particles, and the former is smaller for large systems while the latter is larger, and the former decrease with increasing centrality while the latter increase.

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Study of $$p_{T}$$ spectra of light particles using modified Hagedorn function and cosmic rays Monte Carlo event generators in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$ = 900 GeV

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

Analyses of pp, Cu–Cu, Au–Au and Pb–Pb Collisions by Tsallis-Pareto Type Function at RHIC and LHC Energies

Analyses of pp, Cu–Cu, Au–Au and Pb–Pb Collisions by Tsallis-Pareto Type Function at RHIC and LHC Energies

Particle species and energy dependencies of freeze-out parameters in high-energy proton–proton collisions

Investigation of the freeze-out parameters in B–B, O–O, Ca–Ca and Au–Au collisions at 39 GeV

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