Study of periodically poled Czochralski-grown Nd:Mg:LiNbO3 by chemical etching and X-ray microanalysis

Photorefractive Response of Bulk Periodically PoledLiNbO3:Y:Fe at High and Low Spatial Frequencies

“…The structure of inverted ferroelectric domains is formed by modulation of the yttrium concentation during the crystal growth [8,9]. For the first time the PDS samples are deliberately doped with Fe (about 0.006 wt %) to increase the photorefractive sensitivity.…”

Dielectric properties of lithium niobate single crystals doped with gadolinium

“…Measurements were performed at temperatures ~ 290-490 K within narrow frequency range (0.5-10 6 Hz). Short periodical temperature oscillations at crystal -fusion phase boundary within the crystal growth promotes the forming of contrary polarized domains [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Domain boundaries are characterized by a complex structure.…”

Intracavity self-frequency conversion in periodically poled active nonlinear Nd:Mg:LiNbO 3 crystal

“…Double-doped Nd:Mg:LiNbO 3 PPANC is a promising material for QPM self-frequency converting optical devices 13,14 . Periodic reversal of spontaneous polarization in the Nd:Mg:LiNbO 3 correlates with the periodic reversal in the sign of nonlinear coefficient.…”

“…The relative experimental error of the measurements of Nd concentration amounts to about 2% and 1% for Mg. In the Nd:Mg:LiNbO 3 crystals grown along the normal to the (0 1⎯1 2) facet the distribution of the neodymium concentration has the form close to sinusoid with period corresponding to the period of the regular domain structure that is ferroelectric domain walls coincide with the maxima and minima of Nd-impurity modulation 12,13 . In the double-doped LiNbO 3 crystals the modulation of Nd and Mg concentration have the tendency to be in antiphase.…”