“…In distribution networks with larger dimensions, optimization must be done in such a way that economic costs are minimized and the observability index is maximized. When the actual large-scale distribution system is considered, there is no need to install μ-PMUs in all buses, and the number of units is determined based on a trade-off between economic benefits and 4,6,7,9,11,12,14,15,17,18,20,21,23,24,26,27,28,29,31,32,34,35,36,37,39,40,42,43,45,46,47,49 observability maximization. Therefore, in this type of distribution network, there is no need for full observability, and μ-PMUs are installed only at high-sensitivity buses that are determined by optimization algorithm to achieve economic goals, simultaneously.…”