Study of potassium deficiency in cardiac muscle: quantitative X‐ray microanalysis and cryotechniques

Pogorelov, A. G.; Allachverdov, B.; Burovina, I. V.; Mazay, G.; Pogorelova, V. N.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1991.tb03135.x

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Even with consideration for extracellular space, sodium concentration was much higher compared to that typical of differentiated cell. For example, cytoplasmic sodium concentrations in the primary culture of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts are 35 [13] and 25 mM, respectively [4]. Potassium was irregularly distributed in the test structure (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electron Probe Microanalysis of Potassium and Sodium in Clonogenic Culture of Human Neural Stem Cells

Gol’dshtein¹,

Rzhaninova²,

Pogorelov

2005

Bull Exp Biol Med

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The mean potassium and sodium concentrations and distribution of potassium in clonogenic culture of human neural stem cells (neurosphere) were estimated by means of electron probe microanalysis. High sodium concentration was typical of undifferentiated cells. Potassium was irregularly distributed in the test structure. Our results confirm published data on heterogeneous morphological structure of neurospheres.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microanalysis of potassium and sodium was performed under the following conditions: accelerating voltage 25 kV; probe electron current 5 nA; and pulse storage time 20 sec [13]. To estimate the average concentration of each element, the count of K α line pulses was recorded from a square raster inscribed in a contour of the neurosphere.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Probe Microanalysis of Potassium and Sodium in Clonogenic Culture of Human Neural Stem Cells

Gol’dshtein¹,

Rzhaninova²,

Pogorelov

2005

Bull Exp Biol Med

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“…Then a 250 mg aliquote of dextran was dissolved in I ml of the salt solution. A droplet of this dextran standard was applied onto a perforated gold substrate, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and lyophilized by being held for 18 h in a vacuum of 5 x 10 -4 Pa at 200 K [10] (the principle and parameters of a low-temperature vacuum lyophilizer system were described in [11]). As a result, we obtained standard samples comprising powdered dextran with preset concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, and Co.…”

Section: Preparation Of Dextran Standardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron-probe microanalysis for the drug purity assessment with respect to heavy metals

Арзамасцев

Михалев

1997

Pharm Chem J

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The content of heavy metals is among the criteria used to characterize the quality of drugs. The State Pharmacopeia of the Russian Federation (Ed. XI) recommends using sulfide method [ 1 ] in testing drugs for the "heavy metal content" criteflon. However, the procedure suggested in the State Pharmacopeia for this purpose is nonsix~ific and does not allow quantitative determination of the concentration of heavy metals. For this reason, other methods are sometimes offered for testing drugs with respect to the heavy metal content [ 1 -4]. The purpose of this work was to develop a procedure based on the electron-probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) for drug purity testing. This method is based on measuring the specman of characteristic X-ray emission from chemical elements, excited in the sample by a probing beam of high-energy electrons. The physical principles of EPMA are described in detail in [5 -7]. EXPERIMENTAL PART Sample PreparationThe samples for analysis were presented by the substances of levomycetin, nicodine, isoniazid, and ethacridine lactate used for drug production by the "Akrikhin" Pharmaceutical Chemistry Joint-Stock Company. The method of preparing powdered samples for EPMA was described elsewhere [8]. The powdered drugs were placed between two quartz plates and compacted by slight pressing. This microtablet (with a weight not exceeding 0. l mg) was transferred onto a sample holder made of a spectraIIy pure carbon. The holder with the sample was inserted into a chamber of a Balzers Micro BA3 vacuum stage (Liechtenstein). In order to render the sample conducting, the microtablet surface was coated with a 30-nm thick vacuum-deposited carbon layer. Then the carbon holder with the prepared drug sample was transferred into an electron microscope operated in the EPMA mode. 673 Preparation of Dextran StandardThe sensitivity was calibrated with the aid of dextran standards containing preset amounts of analyzed elements, modeling the physicochemical conditions accompanying the interaction of electron probe with organic drugs. The method of preparing standards and calculating sensitivities was described in detail elsewhere [9].In the first step, a solution of water-soluble salts was prepared using 5 ml of bidistilled water and a mixture of 15 mg CuSO4 9 5H20, 10 mg NiSO4 9 7H20, 14 mg CdSO4 9 8H20, 14 mg ZnSO4-7H20, and 12 mg CoCl 2. Then a 250 mg aliquote of dextran was dissolved in I ml of the salt solution. A droplet of this dextran standard was applied onto a perforated gold substrate, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and lyophilized by being held for 18 h in a vacuum of 5 x 10 -4 Pa at 200 K [10] (the principle and parameters of a low-temperature vacuum lyophilizer system were described in [11]). As a result, we obtained standard samples comprising powdered dextran with preset concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, and Co. The subsequent procedure of preparing the standard for EPMA measurements was the same as that described above for the drugs. Electron-Probe MicroanalyzerThe elemental analysis by EPMA is based on r...

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“…Tissue sections were analyzed for evaluating sodium distribution in the frog skin epithelium [37], potassium and calcium content in the insect complex eye cell [22], ion compartmentalization in the frog oocyte [23], element concentrations in rat thymocytes [66], and changes in the cytoplasmic concentration of potassium, sodium, and chlorine in myocytes of ischemic rat heart [9][10][11]55].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to succession of events, no aqueous phase forms and no solvents are needed in any of the variants. Cryomethods serve not only as instruments for preservation of a life-time distribution of element composition, but promote optimal sensitivity and spatial resolution of EPMA [12,53,55,57].…”

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confidence: 99%

Electron probe microanalysis of cytoplasmic concentrations of elements in a single cell in culture and suspension

Pogorelov

Goldstein

2006

Bull Exp Biol Med

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Electron probe microanalysis is a method for evaluation of concentrations of elements at the subcellular level, effective in studies of an individual cell in culture or suspension. Intracellular concentrations of cytoplasmic ions (K+, Na+, Cl-) most rapidly and markedly reacting to changes is an adequate criterion for evaluating the traumatism of manipulations used in cell technologies. Using electron probe microanalysis it will be possible to develop special procedures (for example, therapeutic cloning) for reprogramming or cryopreservation, when intactness of intracellular balance of element serves as the criterion of cell status.

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Study of potassium deficiency in cardiac muscle: quantitative X‐ray microanalysis and cryotechniques

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Electron Probe Microanalysis of Potassium and Sodium in Clonogenic Culture of Human Neural Stem Cells

Electron Probe Microanalysis of Potassium and Sodium in Clonogenic Culture of Human Neural Stem Cells

Electron-probe microanalysis for the drug purity assessment with respect to heavy metals

Electron probe microanalysis of cytoplasmic concentrations of elements in a single cell in culture and suspension

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