Study of Preventive Health Measures for Wildlife in Captivity: A Review of Management Approaches

Abstract

The foundation of a medical program for zoo animals is preventive medicine. Preventive medical programs should be adaptive and include attention to individual specimens as well as the herd, troop, or flock. Components of the program include quarantine of new arrivals, periodic fecal examinations and treatments for parasites, booster vaccinations, health screening procedures, nutrition evaluation, necropsy examination of deceased specimens, and a comprehensive pest control program. Animals should be evaluated to ensure their health complies with local, state, and federal health requirements before shipment to other zoos or before release in managed reintroduction programs. Preshipment evaluations can also be used as an opportunity to assess the overall health status of the group in which the animal has been living. The present review study is illustrating the importance of the preventive measure used for wildlife into the captivity and the management and tactics to achieve this.

Preventive Measures and Management Systems against Diseases and Abnormalities of Indian Peafowl in Bangladesh National Zoo

“…Components of the preventive program include quarantine of new arrivals, periodic fecal examinations and treatments for parasites, booster vaccinations, and health screening procedures, nutrition evaluation, necropsy examination of deceased specimens, and a comprehensive pest control program. 3 That past findings also supported by the current study where quarantine shed maintain properly. Routine checkup is one of the most important things for preventing diseases properly which is also supported by past findings of.…”

Wild Animals in Captivity: An Analysis of Parasite Biodiversity and Transmission among Animals at Two Zoological Institutions with Different Typologies

“…The herbivorous/omnivorous species directly ingest food from the ground or, in the case of primates, using their hands, which are also used for locomotion; thus, contact with parasite transmission forms present in the soil is easier. The type of soil is important due to the varying difficulty in cleaning it [ 122 ], which may allow for the persistence of transmission forms. As mentioned earlier, this circumstance should be especially considered in sleeping quarters or in isolated themed environments, where microclimates that serve as foci for parasitic infection can develop (of particular relevance in direct life cycle parasites).…”

“…The risk of transmission to visitors is low, as contact with animals is generally limited or nonexistent; however, zookeepers and veterinarians are exposed during handling and cleaning operations. Regular analyses of the animals and a personnel health program incorporating proper training, periodic testing, and health monitoring would minimise transmission risks between animals and caretakers [ 122 ].…”

A review of clostridial diseases in rhinoceroses

“…Clostridial diseases may be of greater conservation importance in free‐ranging rhinoceroses than captive populations. Captive facilities offer more intense health and husbandry practices, which may prevent or at least mitigate the serious effects of disease (Bais et al, 2017). As free‐ranging rhinoceroses are not sheltered, they are expected to have higher exposure and vulnerability to environmental elements and anthropogenic changes which are predisposing factors to development of clostridial disease.…”