Study of proton exchange membrane fuel cells using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique – A review

Niya, Seyed Mohammad Rezaei; Hoorfar, Mina

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.04.011

Cited by 309 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Furthermore, both semicircles are shrinking during pre‐conditioning, implying faster reaction kinetics and smoother mass transfer. The graphical analysis methodology developed in our group was used to discern the number of processes involved in the EIS . On basis of the graphical analysis, an equivalent circuit model, as shown in Figure a, is used to analyze the EIS data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Characterization of Pre‐conditioning Process of Electrospun Nanofiber Electrodes in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2018

Fuel Cells

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Structure innovation and optimization of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) catalyst layers is instrumental in improving catalyst utilization and effectiveness. Electrospinning technique has been recently used to fabricate nanofiber electrodes for PEFCs with improved performance compared to electrosprayed electrodes. However, the origins for the performance improvement are yet poorly understood. This study examined the evolution of the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) during the pre‐conditioning process, and compared the performance of electrospun nanofiber electrodes with electrosprayed electrodes within a wide range of operating conditions. ECSA increases, and both mass transfer resistance and charge transfer resistance decrease monotonically during the pre‐conditioning process of electrospun nanofiber electrodes. Such effects are attributed to the dissolution of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and the ensuing change of the interface between Pt and the ionomer. After pre‐conditioning, the electrospun nanofiber electrodes outperformed the electrosprayed electrodes with the same Pt‐loadings at 80 °C, whereas the electrosprayed electrodes have higher cell voltages at high current densities at 60 °C and 70 °C in high relative humidity (RH) range. The change in the relative performance of the two types of electrodes is attributed to the competing effects of electrode thickness and pore sizes on cathode gas transport.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…R ohm is the total ohmic resistance of the fuel cell, including electronic resistance, ionic resistance in the PEM and contact resistance. Constant phase elements (CPEs) are used, accounting for distributed properties of the electrode , . Contribution from the anode to the EIS of the cell is neglected, due to its facile reaction kinetics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Characterization of Pre‐conditioning Process of Electrospun Nanofiber Electrodes in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2018

Fuel Cells

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“…The specific ionic conductivity of CS:PVA and GO/CS:PVA membranes were calculated by means of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as well described in [65,66]. EIS experiments were performed using a microAutolab equipped with a FRA impedance module at open circuit potential (potentiostatic method), and a two electrodes electrochemical cell made of stainless steel-plated electrodes with a projected area of 1.13 cm 2 .…”

Section: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

High Performance of Alkaline Anion-Exchange Membranes Based on Chitosan/Poly (vinyl) Alcohol Doped with Graphene Oxide for the Electrooxidation of Primary Alcohols

García‐Cruz

Casado-Coterillo

Irabien

et al. 2016

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Mixed matrix membranes (MMM) based on chitosan (CS) and poly (vinyl) alcohol (PVA) with a 50:50 w/w ratio doped with graphene oxide (GO) are prepared by solution casting and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), water uptake, alcohol permeability, ion exchange capacity (IEC) and OHć onductivity measurements. The SEM analysis revealed a dense MMM where the GO nanosheets were well dispersed over the entire polymer matrix. The incorporation of GO increased considerably the thermal stability of the CS:PVA membrane. The GO-based MMM exhibited a low conductivity of 0.19 mS¨cm´1 in part because the GO sheets did not change the crystallinity of the CS:PVA matrix. The reinforced structure created by the hydrogen bonds between the GO filler and the CS:PVA matrix resulted to be a good physical barrier for alcohol permeability, achieving a coefficient of diffusion of 3.38ˆ10´7 and 2.43ˆ10´7 cm 2¨s´1 after 60 and 120 min, respectively, thus avoiding additional alcohol crossover. Finally, the electrochemical performance of the GO-based MMM in the electrooxidation of propargyl alcohol was investigated in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrochemical Reactor (PEMER) under alkaline conditions, through the polarization curve and the electrolysis reactions, showing a performance comparable to anion-exchange commercial membranes.

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“…As stated in the introduction, EIS will be utilized as fuel cell characterization technique, which is well described in the literature, and is a powerfull characterization technique for fault 105 detection of fuel cells [10,26]. An electrochemical device such as a fuel cell is a highly non-linear system, and a full mechanistic impedance model based on first principles are very complex.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…range 100 Hz -5 Hz) of the impedance spectrum is dominated by diffusion losses and the cathode processes and the low frequency part (approx. less than 5 Hz) is attributable to mass transport limitations [26] 170 and oscillation effects in gas composition within the gas flow channels [30,31].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault detection and isolation of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack under the influence of degradation

Jeppesen

Araya

Sahlin

et al. 2017

Journal of Power Sources

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This study proposes a data-drive impedance-based methodology for fault detection and isolation of low and high cathode stoichiometry, high CO concentration in the anode gas, high methanol vapour concentrations in the anode gas and low anode stoichiometry, for high temperature PEM fuel cells. The fault detection and isolation algorithm is based on an artificial neural network classifier, which uses three extracted features as input. Two of the proposed features are based on angles in the impedance spectrum, and are therefore relative to specific points, and shown to be independent of degradation, contrary to other available feature extraction methods in the literature. The experimental data is based on a 35 day experiment, where 2010 unique electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were recorded. The test of the algorithm resulted in a good detectability of the faults, except for high methanol vapour concentration in the anode gas fault, which was found to be difficult to distinguish from a normal operational data. The achieved accuracy for faults related to CO pollution, anode-and cathode stoichiometry is 100 % success rate. Overall global accuracy on the test data is 94.6 %.

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Study of proton exchange membrane fuel cells using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique – A review

Cited by 309 publications

References 120 publications

Electrochemical Characterization of Pre‐conditioning Process of Electrospun Nanofiber Electrodes in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Electrochemical Characterization of Pre‐conditioning Process of Electrospun Nanofiber Electrodes in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

High Performance of Alkaline Anion-Exchange Membranes Based on Chitosan/Poly (vinyl) Alcohol Doped with Graphene Oxide for the Electrooxidation of Primary Alcohols

Fault detection and isolation of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack under the influence of degradation

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