“…At the high n and l of this work, interactions between levels are small, and even for the slow field ramp used, atoms traverse the crossings diabatically, without changing state. For a given n, the distribution of field values at which different sublevels ionize begins at F diab F 0 ͑͞9n 4 ͒, where F 0 5.14 3 10 9 V͞cm [14], and has a tail that extends up to 2-3 times higher [16]. Simulations based on the decay rates of hydrogenic Stark states [17] indicate that for equal population of all sublevels, the average ionization field exceeds F diab by about 50%.…”