Study of Screening Mammography Frequency and Related Variables in Women Referring to the Mammography Center, Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer found in women, and screening is the best way to make an early diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of screening mammography and related variables in the mammography center of Mousavi Hospital, located in Zanjan, Iran. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study. Study sample size was 526 women who were selected by a convenience sampling method. Data collection instrument was a multisection questionnaire and this was completed by a trained radiology technologist through interviews. In cases referred to ultrasonography or histopathological evaluation, follow-up of the women was conducted to obtain their results. Results: Results showed that the rate of screening mammography was 27.4%. Educated women and women, who had a family history of breast cancer, were more likely to have a screening mammography. Among the referrals, 71% were between the age of 30-50 years and the most common complaint in the diagnostic mammography patients was breast pain. The findings of mammography in 33% of patients were normal, 2.3% were malignant and the rest of the cases were as follows: dense breast, axillary lymph node, benign mass, fibrocystic breast and calcification. For the women who had a further evaluation; 26% were referred to ultrasonography, and 1.4% were referred for a breast biopsy. The findings of ultrasonography and pathology confirmed malignancy in 4 women. Conclusion: According to the study's results, there is a need to provide information and mass education about screening mammography, breast cancer risk factors and symptoms in Zanjan.

Breast Cancer Screening Strategies and Indicators in Iran, A Systematic Review

“…BC detection rate has been reported in some studies with different designs. In a cross-sectional study achieved on females admitted to the Mammo center of a hospital, BC was detected in 2.3% of 526 screened patients (111). BC detection rate of non-diagnostic mammography in 9395 subjects was 8.5 per 1000 Mammo (112).…”

“…They recorded 996 Sono, and 636 Mammo reports with 40 and 183 abnormal cases, respectively and found one BC by performing 14 FNA (114). The screening Mammo rate, diagnostic sonography rate, biopsy rate, and abnormality rate were 27.4%, 26%, 1.4%, and 33% in a screening project, respectively (111). Results of a study indicated that the mean scores of females' breast cancer screening belief and multidimensional health locus of control were 40.72±10.41 and 67.78±17.67, respectively (115).…”

“…One of the studies which were achieved in Zanjan, a city of Iran, 526 women who admitted to the mammography center were assessed. The detection rate had been reported by 2.3% of 526 screened patients (111). In another research was conducted at a tertiary referral university hospital and 9395 digital mammographies performed, and they detected 8.5 cancer patients in 1000 women who underwent non-diagnostic Mammo (112).…”

“…It is de ned as a percentage of abnormal Mammo per number of screens (127). In Iran, it has been reported 28.77% and 33% (111,114). The abnormal call rate for the initial screen in Europe are considered <7 and in all of the countries like Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand are considered <10 (127).…”

Status of breast cancer screening strategies and indicators in Iran

“…[ 100 106 ] The participation rate in the screening program was reported from 3.8% to 16.8% in two studies. [ 52 107 ] BC detection rate has been reported in some studies with different designs. In a cross-sectional study on females admitted to the mammography center in a hospital, BC was detected in 2.3% of 526 screened patients.…”