Study of serum bisphenol-A and the mRNA of galactosidase beta 1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) originates from multiple tissue defects. Environmental pollutants such like endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have lately gotten special attention in triggering the metabolic abnormalities in relation to insulin resistance and T2DM. Bisphenol-A (BPA), which is one of the EDCs and simulates natural endogenous estrogens, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, and, over the last decade, it has been revealed to have probable diabetogenic and obesogenic actions. Aim To study the environmental exposure of BPA by measuring its serum level together with the relative expression level of galactosidase beta 1 (GLB1), tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) mRNAs and malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress marker determine the association of these markers with the glycemic control of Egyptian patients having T2DM. Patients and methods The present study was conducted on 90 participants categorized into group 1: 60 patients with T2DM and group 2: 30 subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Serum BPA levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, and biochemical determinations were done by standard protocols. Because of the pro-oxidizing role of BPA, we measured serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress marker. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used for detecting the gene expression changes in GLB1 mRNA, a major marker of cellular senescence, and the mRNA of the proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-α. Results Serum levels of BPA in T2DM patients were significantly higher compared to their control group, and they were significantly and positively correlated to poor glycemic control and insulin resistance. T2DM patients showed significantly high serum MDA, mRNA levels of GLB1, and TNF-α. There was positive correlation between serum BPA levels and oxidative stress marker, senescence indicator, and inflammatory marker; however, there was no statistical significance for this correlation. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that there is a link between increased serum BPA levels, poor glycemic control, and insulin resistance in Egyptian patients with T2DM.

Developmental Programming: Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A on Senescence and Circadian Mediators in the Liver of Sheep

“…We have shown the downregulation of the GLB1 gene, which codes for senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), in the liver of sheep prenatally exposed to BPA. Elevated levels of GLB1 , a lysosomal marker of cell senescence, is associated with increased liver fat, NAFLD, aging, and type 2 diabetes mellitus [ 98 , 99 , 100 ], and the low levels of GLB1 seen in our study is in contrast to our other markers pointing at accelerated aging. However, SA-β-gal activity is not essential for senescence [ 101 ], making it a non-specific marker of cellular senescence [ 102 ].…”