Study of silica nanoparticles – polysiloxane hydrophobic treatments for stone-based monument protection

Ferri, Lavinia de; Lottici, Pier Paolo; Lorenzi, Andrea; Montenero, A.; Salvioli-Mariani, Emma

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2011.02.006

Cited by 167 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…'Cultural heritage' is too often reduced to monuments (buildings, bridges, statues etc. ), like in the "Atlas of climate change impact on European cultural heritage: scientific analysis and management strategies" (Sabbioni et al, 2010 , 1985;Pickard, 2002;Tsakalof et al, 2007;de Ferri et al, 2011), it would make sense to preserve our traditional landscape relics as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the potential impacts of climate change on traditional landscapes and their heritage values on the local level: Case studies in the Dender basin in Flanders, Belgium

Dupont

Eetvelde

2013

Land Use Policy

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GIS, based on the results of impact-and model studies. The vulnerability maps indicate that both case studies are sensitive to climate change. In particular, forest desiccation, wind throw, crop deterioration, soil erosion and flooding might affect the landscape quality and threaten the natural-scientific, historical and aesthetic heritage values of the landscapes. In order to preserve these heritage values, the adaptation maps present possible adaptation measures, which are sustainable and non-destructive with respect to the landscape quality. Although adaptation will cause change as well, it offers more chances to preserve the heritage values of the landscapes. To be effective, detailed climate change vulnerability and adaptation maps should be included in the binding landscape management plans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the potential impacts of climate change on traditional landscapes and their heritage values on the local level: Case studies in the Dender basin in Flanders, Belgium

Dupont

Eetvelde

2013

Land Use Policy

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“…These natural stones have particular relevance in the cultural heritage field: Apuan marble is universally known for its centuries-long use in the fields of sculpture and architecture; Balegem stone was widely employed as a building material in the Flanders region and is found in monuments such as St. Bavo's Cathedral in Ghent (XIII-XVI Century); Obernkirchen stone is especially renowned for being one of the lithotypes used in the construction of Cologne Cathedral (XIII-XIX Century). In order to investigate the microstructure of lithotypes, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) measurements in the 0.01-100 μm range were performed in two replicates per lithotype on 1-cm 3 stone specimens according to the standard procedure [28] to collect total open porosity and average pore diameter data.…”

Section: Lithotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complementary to this, electron and atomic force microscopy give an insight into treatment-induced changes of the stone surface morphology at the micro-and nano-scale [3,4], while SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-dispersive X-ray probe) and FTIR spectroscopies may allow one to detect the presence and the surface distribution of a coating material through the observation of atomic [5] and molecular spectra [6], respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrokinetic Characterization of Natural Stones Coated with Nanocomposites for the Protection of Cultural Heritage

Roveri¹,

Raneri²,

Bianchi³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Featured Application: Characterization of the quality and homogeneity of surface treatments for porous substrates.Abstract: Protective coatings, in recent years also from nanocomposite formulations, are commonly applied onto architectural stone and stone artefacts, mainly to prevent absorption of condensed water and dissolved atmospheric pollutants into the porous stone structure. While standard protocols to assess a coating's performance are available, understanding the response of the coating-stone system is a complex task, due to the interplay of various factors determining the overall behaviour. Characterization techniques allowing one to correlate the extent and nature of surface modification upon treatment with the most relevant physical properties (i.e., water absorption and surface wettability) are thus of great interest. Electrokinetic analysis based on streaming current measurements, thanks to its sensitivity towards even minor changes in the surface chemical composition, may fulfil such requirement. Indeed, by involving the interaction with a testing aqueous electrolyte solution, this technique allows one to probe not only the outer surface, but also the outermost layer of the pore network, which plays a crucial role in the interaction of the stone with condensed atmospheric water. In this work, a correlation was found between the extent of surface modification, as determined by streaming current measurements, surface wettability and capillary water absorption, for three lithotypes with different mineralogical and microstructural properties treated with two nanocomposite formulations (one water based and one in alcoholic solvent) containing organosilica precursors and titania nanoparticles.

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“…In addition to that, clay nanosized-layer-filled polymers can exhibit dramatic improvements in mechanical and thermal properties at low clay contents because of the strong synergistic effects between the polymer and the silicate platelets on both the molecular and nanometric scales [33]. Application of silica nanoparticles as fillers in the preparation of nanocomposite of polymers has drawn much attention, due to the increased demand for new materials with improved thermal, mechanical, physical, and chemical properties [34]. This is in addition to the ability of silica nanoparticles as consolidation material to control the deterioration action of silica and calcite as binding materials in stone structure, and improvement in the physicomechanical properties of treated stone [35,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Clay, SiO2, Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 - Polymeric Nanocomposites for Conservation and Preservation of Limestone Artworks

Aldoasri¹,

Darwish²,

Adam³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Environmental deterioration factors are constantly increasing, causing unwanted aesthetic changes to stone artworks due to exposure to various physical and chemical deterioration factors. Inorganic nanoparticlefilled polymer composites have extended their multiple functionalities to various applications, including cultural heritage conservation. Therefore, this study has examined the effects of clay, SiO2, Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 nanomaterials in the enhancement of the physicomechanical properties of limestone monuments, the aim of the present work being to evaluate comparatively the effectiveness of nanoparticles as consolidation and protection material for limestone artworks. The nanoparticles were added to an acrylic-based copolymer (polyethylmethacrylate (EMA)/methylacrylate (MA) (70/30), in order to improve its physiochemical and mechanical properties, and produced a significant improvement in the ability of the polymers to consolidate and protect the stone. The synthesis process of nanoparticles/polymer nanocomposite has been prepared by an in situ emulsion polymerization system. The nanocomposites contained poly (EMA/MA) with a solid content of 3% [poly (EMA/MA)] in the absence and presence of 5% nanoparticles (0.15 g nanoparticles). Samples were subjected to artificial aging by relative humidity/temperature and acid/salt crystallization weathering to show the optimum conditions of durability and the effectiveness of the nano-mixture in improving the physical and mechanical properties of the stone material. To ensure that the treatment had no negative effects on the physical characteristics of the limestone, the properties of the treated limestone samples were evaluated comparatively before and after artificial aging by the conduct of microstructural (phase morphology studied by means of scanning electron microscopy) and aesthetic (colour and lightness measured by spectrophotometry) analyses. Also used were measurement of static contact angle of water droplets on the surface of the samples, total immersion water absorption, compressive Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 7

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Study of silica nanoparticles – polysiloxane hydrophobic treatments for stone-based monument protection

Cited by 167 publications

References 24 publications

Assessing the potential impacts of climate change on traditional landscapes and their heritage values on the local level: Case studies in the Dender basin in Flanders, Belgium

Assessing the potential impacts of climate change on traditional landscapes and their heritage values on the local level: Case studies in the Dender basin in Flanders, Belgium

Electrokinetic Characterization of Natural Stones Coated with Nanocomposites for the Protection of Cultural Heritage

Performance of Clay, SiO<sub>2</sub>, Ca(OH)<sub>2 </sub>and CaCO<sub>3</sub> - Polymeric Nanocomposites for Conservation and Preservation of Limestone Artworks

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