Study of size-fractionated coal-combustion aerosols using instrumental neutron activation analysis

Maenhaut, Willy; Kauppinen, Esko I.; Lind, Tm

doi:10.1007/bf02037185

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Some of the size distributions have been reported earlier (Maenhaut et al 1993a;Maenhaut et al 1993b;Lind et al 1994a;Lind et al 1994b). The differential size distributions for calcium, aluminium, iron, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are presented in Fig.…”

Section: Elemental Size Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 63%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ash Vaporization in Circulating Fluidized Bed Coal Combustion

Lind¹,

Kauppinen²,

Maenhaut³

et al. 1996

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. In this work, the vaporization of the ash forming constituents in circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) in a full-scale 80 MW,, unit was studied. Ash vaporization in CFBC was studied by measuring the fly ash aerosols in a full-scale boiler upstream of the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) at the flue gas temperature of 125°C. The fuel was a Venezuelan bituminous coal, and a limestone sorbent was used during the measurements. The fly ash number size distributions showed two distinct modes in the submicrometer size range, at particle diameters 0.02 and 0.3 pm. The concentration of the ultrafine 0.02-pm mode showed a large variation with time and it decreased as the measurements advanced. The concentration of the 0.02-pm mode was two orders of magnitude lower than in the submicrometer mode observed earlier in the bubbling FBC and up to three orders of magnitude lower than in the pulverized coal combustion. Scanning electron micrographs showed few ultrafine particles. The intermediate mode at 0.3 p m consisted of particles irregular in shape, and hence in this mode the particles had not been formed via a gas to particle route. We propose that the 0.3-pm mode had been formed from the partial melting of the very fine mineral particles in the coal. The mass size distribution in the size range 0.01-70 p m was unimodal with maximum at 20 pm. Less than 1% of the fly ash particles was found in the submicrometer size range. Ninety percent of Mg in coal was organically bound, and it was found to react with quartz and aluminosilicate minerals inside the coal particle. No Mg was found to be released to the gas phase and Mg mass fraction size distribution was size independent. A fraction of halogens C1, Br and I were found to be in the gas phase after the combustion. AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 24:135-150 (1996)

show abstract

Section: Elemental Size Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Up to about 50 elements were analyzed in the BLPI and size-classified cyclone pre-cutter samples by INAA and ICP-MS (Maenhaut et al 1993a;Lind et al 1994a). BLPI samples were also analyzed for 28 elements with PIXE (Maenhaut et al 1993b).…”

Section: Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ash Vaporization in Circulating Fluidized Bed Coal Combustion

Lind¹,

Kauppinen²,

Maenhaut³

et al. 1996

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The elemental contents of Ca, Si, P, K, Na, S, and Cl were analyzed with particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) from precyclones, polycarbonate filters, and size-classified BLPI samples. The methods are described by Maenhaut et al , PIXE was used for Si, P, and S, INAA for Na, and average results from these two methods for Ca. In the cases of K and Cl, precyclone samples were analyzed with INAA, and the average of the two methods was used for polycarbonate filters and BLPI samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Study on Ash Behavior during Circulating Fluidized-Bed Combustion of Biomass. 1. Ash Formation

Valmari¹,

Lind²,

Kauppinen³

et al. 1998

Energy Fuels

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ash formation was studied experimentally during combustion of forest residue and willow in a 35 MW circulating fluidized-bed co-generation plant. Ash particles and vapors were sampled downstream of the process cyclone at flue gas temperatures of 810-850 °C. Inorganic vapors and fly ash particles were collected separately on filters. Size-classified fly ash particle samples were collected with an impactor. Elemental analysis methods and electron microscopy were used for ash characterization. During combustion of forest residue, about 30-40% of the total ash and a similar percentage of Ca and P was attached on the bed-material particles and were eventually removed from the bed along with bottom ash. K was retained with a higher efficiency (about 50%). S and Cl were volatilized in the furnace and were not retained in the bed. During combustion of forest residue, 80% of S had already reacted with species present in supermicrometer ash particles when detected after the process cyclone at 810-850 °C. When willow was combusted, about one-half of the sulfur remained as SO 2 . More than one-half of the particlephase S was present as alkali sulfate fine particles that were almost nonexistent during forest residue combustion. Cl was present as gaseous species (KCl and presumably HCl) at 810-850 °C with both fuels.

show abstract

“…Halogen (Cl, Br and I) is a group of non‐negligible atmospheric constituents in both gas and aerosol phases. Their sources include sea salt aerosols (Finlayson‐Pitts, 2003; Rossi, 2003), halogenated methane emission from the ocean (Gribble, 1992; Mosher et al., 1993), biomass burning (Rahn et al., 2006) and fossil fuel combustion (Maenhaut et al., 1993; Xu et al., 2005). There have been many studies of halogen chemistry in the stratosphere and the troposphere, however, mainly focusing on their atmospheric sources, cycle mechanisms, the reactivity of halogen atoms towards VOC and ozone depletion mechanism (Farman et al., 1985; Peter, 1996; Riva et al., 2015; Tham et al., 2016; Thornton et al., 2010; Wang, Wang, et al., 2017; Wennberg et al., 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size‐dependent Molecular Characteristics and Possible Sources of Organic Aerosols at a Coastal New Particle Formation Hotspot of East China

Wan

Huang

et al. 2021

JGR Atmospheres

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated size‐dependent molecular characteristics of coastal organic aerosols from <0.032 to 3.2 μm at a new particle formation (NPF) hotspot of east China by using Fourier transform‐ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR‐MS). Strong connection between C20–33HhOo/C18,30HhOoNn compounds in particles smaller than 0.10 μm and the volatile organic compounds emitted from local intertidal macroalgae suggests that the organic compounds (OC) in ultrafine particles are formed probably via the gas‐phase oxidation of long‐chain fatty aldehydes or acids, followed by particle‐phase accretion reactions or imine formation during the coastal NPF events. In 0.18–0.56 μm particles, dominant C8–C20 CHO, CHON, CHOS and CHONS compounds (maximum: C10 or C15) are suggested most likely to be terpene oxidation products. Highly oxygenated compounds with 0.6 ≤ H/C ≤ 1.5 and 0.67 ≤ O/C ≤ 1.2 reside mostly in 0.18–0.56 μm particles, accounting for 5% of the OC formulas in this size range. Iodinated OC are subsequently formed via electrophilic substitution of non‐iodinated OC by iodine cations (e.g., from HOI or I2) in iodine‐rich particles. CHN and Cl/Br‐containing OC account altogether for only 0.7% and 0.9% of OC formulas, respectively. As a result of the above compound distribution, the intensity weighted unsaturation degree and carbon oxidation state of OC increase with particle size. The distribution of aromatic compounds (i.e. Aromaticity Index > 0.5) is bimodal with peaks in 0.056–0.18 μm and 1.0–3.2 μm. In addition, our study observed higher unsaturation degree, carbon oxidation state and aromaticity of OC in coastal PM2.5 than inland urban PM2.5 in the same region.

show abstract

Study of size-fractionated coal-combustion aerosols using instrumental neutron activation analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Ash Vaporization in Circulating Fluidized Bed Coal Combustion

Ash Vaporization in Circulating Fluidized Bed Coal Combustion

Field Study on Ash Behavior during Circulating Fluidized-Bed Combustion of Biomass. 1. Ash Formation

Size‐dependent Molecular Characteristics and Possible Sources of Organic Aerosols at a Coastal New Particle Formation Hotspot of East China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About