Study of Solid Calcium Diglyceroxide for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using a High Speed Homogenizer

Hsiao, Ming-Chien; Chang, Li-Wen; Hou, Shuhn-Shyurng

doi:10.3390/en12173205

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The saponification value (SV) determination steps were: 2 g oil was put into a 250 mL cone bottle; next 0.5 N potassium hydroxide alcohol solution was added and mixed well in 1 h before some drops of 1% phenolphthalein indicator were added, and finally 0.5 N hydrochloric acid solution was added for titration. Then, the SV was determined using Equation (1) [29,30], and the AV was calculated via Equation (2) [33][34][35]. Where W is the oil weight (g), B designates blank titration amount (mL), S is sample titration amount (mL), V NaOH denotes the volume (mL) of the NaOH titrant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Homogenizers are often used in large-scale processing industries. It has been recently reported that homogenizers have the potential to be easily scaled up and significantly shorten the reaction time of transesterification [33][34][35]. However, there are relatively few studies related to homogenizer systems for biodiesel production, especially using a twostage synthesis method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced Biodiesel Synthesis via a Homogenizer-Assisted Two-Stage Conversion Process Using Waste Edible Oil as Feedstock

et al. 2022

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In this study, a homogenizer in conjunction with a two-stage process was utilized to facilitate biodiesel production from waste edible oil (WEO). This paper contributes to the improvement of the yield and the shortening of the reaction time for biodiesel synthesis. Sulfuric acid was used in the first stage which was the esterification of the free fatty acids (FFA) of the WEO; then the transesterification reaction of triglycerides took place in the second stage with an alkaline catalysis. The present investigation aimed to explore the parameters affecting the reactions, including homogenizer speed, alcohol/oil molar ratio, catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, and reaction time. Under the operating conditions of the first stage (the reaction temperature was 65 °C, the homogenizer speed was 8000 rpm, the methanol/oil molar ratio was 15:1, and the amount of sulfuric acid was 4 wt%), the acid value fell to below 2 mg KOH/g after 10 min. The best base-catalyzed conditions in the second stage were: homogenizer speed of 8000 rpm, NaOH catalyst concentration of 1 wt%, methanol/oil molar ratio of 9:1 (mol/mol), reaction temperature of 65 °C, and reaction time 10 min. Consequently, the conversion rate from WEO to biodiesel achieved 97% after only 20 min, in line with the EU EN14214 standard, which requires a biodiesel production rate of at least 96.5%.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Biodiesel Synthesis via a Homogenizer-Assisted Two-Stage Conversion Process Using Waste Edible Oil as Feedstock

et al. 2022

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“…Glycerates of alkaline metals (sodium, potassium, lithium) are employed in the process of obtaining biodiesel fuel from vegetable oils and the waste of oil processing [4]. Calcium glycerate [5] is also used for this purpose. These compounds are catalysts for the transesterification process, as a result of which biodiesel fuel is produced, which is the esters of fatty acids.…”

Section: The Aim and Objectives Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing rational conditions for obtaining potassium glycerate

Sytnik¹,

Kunitsіa

Mazaeva³

et al. 2021

EEJET

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This paper reports a study into the dependence of efficient glycerate potassium production involving glycerin and potassium hydroxide solution on the process conditions. The concentration of potassium glycerate in the resulting product has been used as a parameter of the efficient glycerate potassium production process. Glycerates of metals are applied to produce articles in the construction industry, electronics, medicine; they are employed as transesterification catalysts to obtain special fats for various purposes, as well as biodiesel fuel. In order to derive potassium glycerate, heating was applied while agitating a mixture of glycerin and potassium hydroxide. The analysis of potassium hydroxide was performed, in which the basic substance mass fraction was 85.5 %, the mass fraction of carbonate potassium – 0.9 %. The p.a.-grade glycerin was applied in this work, whose basic substance mass fraction was 99.5 %. The effect of the heating temperature of the reaction mixture on the concentration of potassium glycerate in the product has been determined. It has been shown that the rational heating temperature is 145 °C. The dependence of potassium glycerate concentration in the resulting product on the following conditions of the process has been established: a change in the molar concentration of glycerin and a reaction mixture heating duration. Such rational conditions for obtaining potassium glycerate have been defined as a molar concentration of glycerin of 60 % and a heating duration of 4 hours. The experimentally established concentration of potassium glycerate in the product under these conditions was 75.77 %. For potassium glycerate, the melting point (69 °C) and the mass fraction of moisture (0.8 %) have been determined. The results of experimental studies would make it possible to obtain potassium glycerate directly at enterprises where the glycerates of metals are used, from available raw materials, under rational conditions. The defined conditions for obtaining potassium glycerate could make it possible to efficiently utilize material and energy resources.

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“…Biodiesel is mainly derived from food oils [7,8], but the biodiesel produced is expensive due to the high cost of these feedstocks. To address this problem, waste and nonedible materials have been proposed as alternatives for producing biodiesel [9][10][11]. These oils can reduce biodiesel production cost, and they have no competition with the food supply [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Noncatalytic Esterification of Fatty Acid for Biodiesel Production: A Kinetic Study

et al. 2020

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This study developed a microwave-mediated noncatalytic esterification of oleic acid for producing ethyl biodiesel. The microwave irradiation process outperformed conventional heating methods for the reaction. A highest reaction conversion, 97.62%, was achieved by performing esterification with microwave irradiation at a microwave power of 150 W, 2:1 ethanol:oleic acid molar ratio, reaction time of 6 h, and temperature of 473 K. A second-order reaction model (R2 of up to 0.997) was established to describe esterification. The reaction rate constants were promoted with increasing microwave power and temperature. A strong linear relation of microwave power to pre-exponential factors was also established, and microwave power greatly influenced the reaction due to nonthermal effects. This study suggested that microwave-assisted noncatalytic esterification is an efficient approach for biodiesel synthesis.

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Study of Solid Calcium Diglyceroxide for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using a High Speed Homogenizer

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Enhanced Biodiesel Synthesis via a Homogenizer-Assisted Two-Stage Conversion Process Using Waste Edible Oil as Feedstock

Enhanced Biodiesel Synthesis via a Homogenizer-Assisted Two-Stage Conversion Process Using Waste Edible Oil as Feedstock

Establishing rational conditions for obtaining potassium glycerate

Microwave-Assisted Noncatalytic Esterification of Fatty Acid for Biodiesel Production: A Kinetic Study

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