Study of star formation in RCW 106 using far-infrared observations

Karnik, A. D.; Ghosh, S. K.; Rengarajan, T. N.; Verma, R. P.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04596.x

Cited by 16 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Typical outflow masses are 10 to 40 M⊙in each lobe, compared to core masses of order Table 10. IR source fluxes in Jy measured with MSX, IRAS, TIFR balloon-borne telescope (Karnik et al 2001) and SEST/SIMBA (Mookerjea et al 2004). The second row for G333.6-0.2 is for fluxes taken within a 3 ′ aperture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infall, outflow, and turbulence in massive star-forming cores in the G333 giant molecular cloud

Wiles

Redman

et al. 2015

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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We present molecular line imaging observations of three massive molecular outflow sources, G333.6-0.2, G333.1-0.4, and G332.8-0.5, all of which also show evidence for infall, within the G333 giant molecular cloud (GMC). All three are within a beam size (36 arcseconds) of IRAS sources, 1.2-mm dust clumps, various masing species and radio continuum-detected Hii regions and hence are associated with high-mass star formation. We present the molecular line data and derive the physical properties of the outflows including the mass, kinematics, and energetics and discuss the inferred characteristics of their driving sources. Outflow masses are of 10 to 40 M ⊙ in each lobe, with core masses of order 10 3 M ⊙ . outflow size scales are a few tenth of a parsec, timescales are of several ×10 4 years, mass loss rates a few ×10 −4 M ⊙ /yr. We also find the cores are turbulent and highly supersonic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infall, outflow, and turbulence in massive star-forming cores in the G333 giant molecular cloud

Wiles

Redman

et al. 2015

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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“…There exist a large number of molecular condensations which are only bright in the millimeter wavelengths and have no IR associations. MMS54 has no MSX or IRAS associations but was detected in the FIR by Karnik et al (2001) and has an associated methanol maser; it is a strong candidate for a star forming region at a very early stage of evolution. The continuum emission has been resolved in to Gaussian and arbitrary-shaped clumps using the two independent structure decomposition tools gaussclumps and clumpfind respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The case of MMS54 is an apt example. While its fainter companion MMS57 has an MSX counterpart, the stronger millimeter source MMS54 has no IRAS or MSX associations, but was detected both at 150 and 210 µm by Karnik et al (2001) and has an associated methanol maser (Ellingsen et al 1996, observed with an angular resolution of 4 ). This definitely suggests that MMS54 shows early signs of massive star formation and demands further high angular resolution sub-mm dust continuum observations to characterize its nature.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the absence of complementary continuum data, we generally assume a dust temperature of 20 K which is typically found in star forming cloud complexes (e.g., Johnstone et al 2000;Motte et al 2003). However for the clumps with associated H  regions we have assumed T dust to be 40 K (Karnik et al 2001). For the dust mass opacity coefficient we adopt the value of κ 230 GHz = 0.005 cm 2 g −1 Preibisch et al (1993) assuming a gas-to-dust mass ratio of 100, and κ ν = κ 230 GHz (ν/230 GHz) β , with β = 2.…”

Section: Overview Of MM Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 5 does not show any clear distinction between the two types of clumps. There Karnik et al (2001).…”

Section: Sizes and Densitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Giant Molecular Cloud associated with RCW 106

Mookerjea¹,

Krämer²,

Nielbock

et al. 2004

A&A

151

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Abstract.We have mapped the dust continuum emission from the molecular cloud covering a region of 28 pc × 94 pc associated with the well-known H  region RCW 106 at 1.2 mm using SIMBA on SEST. The observations, having an HPBW of 24 (0.4 pc), reveal 95 clumps, of which about 50% have MSX associations and only 20% have IRAS associations. Owing to their higher sensitivity to colder dust and higher angular resolution the present observations identify new emission features and also show that most of the IRAS sources in this region consist of multiple dust emission peaks. The detected millimeter sources (MMS) include on one end the exotic MMS5 (associated with IRAS 16183-4958, one of the brightest infrared sources in our Galaxy) and the bright (and presumably cold) source MMS54, with no IRAS or MSX associations on the other end. Around 10% of the sources are associated with signposts of high mass star formation activity. Assuming a uniform dust temperature of 20 K we estimate the total mass of the GMC associated with RCW 106 to be ∼10 5 M . The constituent millimeter clumps cover a range of masses and radii between 40 to 10 4 M and 0.3 to 1.9 pc. Densities of the clumps range between (0.5-6) ×10 4 cm −3 . We have decomposed the continuum emission into Gaussian and arbitrary shaped clumps using the two independent structure analysis tools gaussclumps and clumpfind respectively. The clump mass spectrum was found to have an index α of 1.6 ± 0.3, independent of the decomposition algorithm used. The index of the mass spectrum for the mass and length scales covered here are consistent with results derived from large scale CO observations.

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High-resolution APEX/LAsMA ¹²CO and ¹³CO (3–2) observation of the G333 giant molecular cloud complex

Zhou¹,

Wyrowski²,

Urquhart³

et al. 2023

A&A

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Context. Hub-filament systems are suggested to be the birth cradles of high-mass stars and clusters. Aims. We investigate the gas kinematics of hub-filament structures in the G333 giant molecular cloud complex using 13CO (3–2) observed with the APEX/LAsMA heterodyne camera. Methods. We applied the FILFINDER algorithm to the integrated intensity maps of the 13CO J = 3–2 line to identify filaments in the G333 complex, and we extracted the velocity and intensity along the filament skeleton from moment maps. Clear velocity and density fluctuations are seen along the filaments, allowing us to fit velocity gradients around the intensity peaks. Results. The velocity gradients we fit to the LAsMA and ALMA data agree with each other over the scales covered by ALMA observations in the ATOMS survey (<5 pc). Changes in velocity gradient with scale indicate a funnel structure of the velocity field in position-position-velocity (PPV) space. This is indicative of a smooth, continuously increasing velocity gradient from large to small scales, and thus is consistent with gravitational acceleration. The typical velocity gradient corresponding to a 1 pc scale is ~1.6 km s−1 pc−1. Assuming freefall, we estimate a kinematic mass within 1 pc of ~1190 M⊙, which is consistent with typical masses of clumps in the ATLASGAL survey of massive clumps in the inner Galaxy. We find direct evidence for gravitational acceleration from a comparison of the observed accelerations to those predicted by freefall onto dense hubs with masses from millimeter continuum observations. On large scales, we find that the inflow may be driven by the larger-scale structure, consistent with the hierarchical structure in the molecular cloud and gas inflow from large to small scales. The hub-filament structures at different scales may be organized into a hierarchical system extending up to the largest scales probed through the coupling of gravitational centers at different scales. Conclusions. We argue that the funnel structure in PPV space can be an effective probe for the gravitational collapse motions in molecular clouds. The large-scale gas inflow is driven by gravity, implying that the molecular clouds in the G333 complex may be in a state of global gravitational collapse.

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Study of star formation in RCW 106 using far-infrared observations

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Infall, outflow, and turbulence in massive star-forming cores in the G333 giant molecular cloud

Infall, outflow, and turbulence in massive star-forming cores in the G333 giant molecular cloud

The Giant Molecular Cloud associated with RCW 106

High-resolution APEX/LAsMA ¹²CO and ¹³CO (3–2) observation of the G333 giant molecular cloud complex

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Study of star formation in RCW 106 using far-infrared observations

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Infall, outflow, and turbulence in massive star-forming cores in the G333 giant molecular cloud

Infall, outflow, and turbulence in massive star-forming cores in the G333 giant molecular cloud

The Giant Molecular Cloud associated with RCW 106

High-resolution APEX/LAsMA 12CO and 13CO (3–2) observation of the G333 giant molecular cloud complex

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Product

Resources

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High-resolution APEX/LAsMA ¹²CO and ¹³CO (3–2) observation of the G333 giant molecular cloud complex