Study of structural, electrical and photoconductive properties of F and P co-doped SnO2 transparent semiconducting thin film deposited by spray pyrolysis

Chemical insights into electrophilic fluorination of SnO2for photoelectrochemical applications

“…30 Mokaripoor et al fabricated transparent conducting SnO 2 lms by codoping phosphorus and uorine , leading to a decrease in the bandgap and high electrical conductivity. 27 In an interesting study, Zhang et al reported a decrease in the electron mobility, while, contrarily, the carrier concentration increases on increasing the boron doping (0-5 wt%). 28 Fluorine-doped SnO 2 with metallic conductivity and high transparency is well known in optoelectronic applications as a transparent conducting oxide (TCO); 31 however, its role as a charge transport layer in photoelectrochemical cells is not well explored.…”

“…20,21 Oxygen defects in SnO 2 act as trap states and affect the charge transfer process. 22 There have been numerous literature efforts to fabricate defect-free SnO 2 lms with enhanced charge transport efficiency by surface passivation using fullerene, 23 phosphates, 24 and triuoroethanol, 25 and in situ elemental doping with elements such as Cl, 26 P, 27 B, 28 and N. 29 Wang et al observed a decrease in the bandgap and Fermi level due to chemisorbed fullerene on the SnO 2 surface, leading to a decrease in defects and enhancement in electron mobility at the interface. 23 Jiang et al passivated the SnO 2 surface using 7.4 at% phosphoric acid and observed a $53% decrease in the surface trap states and enhanced electron mobility.…”

“…Surface uorination of SnO 2 can be controlled and tuned to reduce oxygen defects and enhance the conductivity, transparency, and electron mobility for an efficient charge transport layer. 27 The type of uorine doping (substitutional/ interstitial) in the SnO 2 lattice has a direct inuence on its optoelectronic properties. Substitutional F-doping is known to enhance the mobility of SnO 2 ; however, interstitial doping can have detrimental effects due to self-compensation.…”

One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of Sulfur-Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles and their Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties

“…[35][36][37][38] Besides, the nonmetal doping is also an e®ective modi¯cation strategy for the improvement of visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity due to the bandgap narrowing. 34,[39][40][41] In particular, nonmetal doping such as N, C and S could make catalyst have better solar absorption and photocatalytic activity due to certain disadvantages of metal doping such as low thermal stability and enhanced recombination of charge carriers. 40,41 Oxygen and sulfur are similar in many physical and chemical properties due to a similar structure of the electronic shell.…”

“…34,[39][40][41] In particular, nonmetal doping such as N, C and S could make catalyst have better solar absorption and photocatalytic activity due to certain disadvantages of metal doping such as low thermal stability and enhanced recombination of charge carriers. 40,41 Oxygen and sulfur are similar in many physical and chemical properties due to a similar structure of the electronic shell. Therefore, S can substitute for O.…”