Study of Tailored Hot Stamping Process on Advanced High-Strength Steels

Palmieri, Maria Emanuela; Galetta, Francesco Rocco; Tricarico, Luigi

doi:10.3390/jmmp6010011

Cited by 17 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…[6][7][8] PHS combined with the PH process allow to satisfy at the same time the requirements related to safety and those related to vehicle weight reduction, [9] therefore they are increasingly adopted in anti-intrusion applications of automotive structures (bumpers, doors, bodies-in-white).Current innovation trends are aimed at opportunities these AHSS offer in terms of tailored mechanical properties. [10][11][12][13][14] Currently, the stamped part designing with customized performances includes forming technologies that use tailor rolled blanks, tailor welded blanks, patchwork blanks, tailor tool tempering, tailor heating, and tailor cooling process. [15] A great deal of research has been carried out around the tool tempering approach in recent years.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Transition Zone on a Hot‐Stamped Part with Tailored Tool Tempering Approach by Numerical and Physical Simulation

Palmieri

Posa

Angelastro

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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The main goals of the transport industry are lightweight and the increase in safety for passengers. Consequently, the choice of materials is very important. The materials adopted in recent years are lightweight alloys, such as aluminum and magnesium alloys, carbon fiber-reinforced polymers, and advanced highstrength steel (AHSS). In the automotive industry, five classes of AHSS are distinguished: dual-phase steel (DP), complex phase steel (CP), transformationinduced plasticity steel (TRIP), martensitic steel (MART), and press-hardened steel (PHS). [1,2] DP steels are ferritic-martensitic phase steels, which exhibit a strength between 450 and 1400 MPa depending on the amount of martensite. [3] Complex phase steels contain bainitic, martensitic, and ferritic phases and show higher formability than DP ones. [1] TRIP steels are characterized by a certain amount of retained austenite phase, which transforms into the martensite phase during the deformation. This effect helps the distribution of the strain and increases elongation, justifying the greater formability of TRIP steels compared to CP and DP steels. [1,4] Martensitic steels have high strength levels but show very low formability. Finally, the press-hardened steels are typically carbonmanganese-boron alloyed steels, [5] which are generally adopted in the press hardening (PH) process where the unformed blank is heated in a furnace up to the complete austenitization temperature, formed in the hot condition and finally quenched in the die. These steels are typically delivered in ferritic-pearlitic conditions and have, at the end of the PH process, almost doubled resistance levels due to the transformation into the martensitic phase due to the quenching phase. Among the PHS, the most common one is the 22MnB5; [5] however, other steel grades with higher carbon content are recently proposed to be used in the PH process. [6][7][8] PHS combined with the PH process allow to satisfy at the same time the requirements related to safety and those related to vehicle weight reduction, [9] therefore they are increasingly adopted in anti-intrusion applications of automotive structures (bumpers, doors, bodies-in-white).Current innovation trends are aimed at opportunities these AHSS offer in terms of tailored mechanical properties. [10][11][12][13][14] Currently, the stamped part designing with customized performances includes forming technologies that use tailor rolled blanks, tailor welded blanks, patchwork blanks, tailor tool tempering, tailor heating, and tailor cooling process. [15] A great deal of research has been carried out around the tool tempering approach in recent years. [12,13,16] With this approach, the tailored properties are achieved by exploiting different cooling conditions during the

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15] A great deal of research has been carried out around the tool tempering approach in recent years. [12,13,16] With this approach, the tailored properties are achieved by exploiting different cooling conditions during the…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Transition Zone on a Hot‐Stamped Part with Tailored Tool Tempering Approach by Numerical and Physical Simulation

Palmieri

Posa

Angelastro

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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“…A Finite Element (FE) model is developed in AutoForm R10 to simulate the TTT Press-Hardening process. Details on the FE model are given in reference [16]. Some tools have been modeled in heated and cooled parts, with the aim of implementing TTT approach.…”

Section: Fe -Model Of Press-hardening Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this purpose, research is studying the use of Gleeble system to physically simulate (at the laboratory scale) thermo-mechanical Press-Hardening cycles. Palmieri et al [15][16] performed FE simulations of the hot stamping process of a B-Pillar component with tailored properties. Numerical thermo-mechanical cycles were then extrapolated from FE simulations and physically reproduced on USIBOR®1500 specimens by means of Gleeble system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Window Definition to Predict Mechanical Properties of Press Hardened Parts of Boron Steel with Tailored Properties

Palmieri

Tricarico

2022

KEM

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Tailored Tool Tempering (TTT) is an innovative method able to calibrate the strength and ductility characteristics of the components manufacture by means of Press-Hardening process. The process parameters that most influence the final mechanical properties of the soft zone are quenching time and temperature of the heated tools.In this work, with the aim of defining a process window to estimate the soft zone properties of an automotive B-pillar in Usibor®2000 steel using TTT Press-Hardening approach, the strength and ductility of the soft zone are studied varying the quenching time and the temperature of the heated tools. Using a numerical-experimental approach, a Finite Element (FE) model is firstly developed in AutoForm to simulate the TTT Press-Hardening process and to define thermo-mechanical cycles that are characteristics of the soft zone as a function of quenching parameters (quenching time and temperature of the heated tools). FE thermo-mechanical cycles are then physically simulated on Usibor®2000 specimens using Gleeble 3180 system. The treated specimens are subsequently subjected to micro-hardness and tensile tests. Experimental results are adopted to train an artificial neural network used to construct the process window.

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“…In the last two decades, press hardening has become the reference technology in lightweight safety cage body-in-white applications, with ultra-high-strength steels (UHSS) being extensively used in safety-related components, such as A- and B-pillars or frame dash panels. The most common UHSS for these purposes are 22MnB5 and, more recently, 37MnB5 [ 3 ]. Moreover, by its very definition, press hardening involves a heat treatment, meaning that both geometry and mechanical properties are generated on the press floor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Learning-Based Surrogate Model for Press Hardening Process of 22MnB5 Sheet Steel Simulation in Industry 4.0

et al. 2022

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The digitalization of manufacturing processes offers great potential in quality control, traceability, and the planning and setup of production. In this regard, process simulation is a well-known technology and a key step in the design of manufacturing processes. However, process simulations are computationally and time-expensive, typically beyond the manufacturing-cycle time, severely limiting their usefulness in real-time process control. Machine Learning-based surrogate models can overcome these drawbacks, and offer the possibility to achieve a soft real-time response, which can be potentially developed into full close-loop manufacturing systems, at a computational cost that can be realistically implemented in an industrial setting. This paper explores the novel concept of using a surrogate model to analyze the case of the press hardening of a steel sheet of 22MnB5. This hot sheet metal forming process involves a crucial heat treatment step, directly related to the final part quality. Given its common use in high-responsibility automobile parts, this process is an interesting candidate for digitalization in order to ensure production quality and traceability. A comparison of different data and model training strategies is presented. Finite element simulations for a transient heat transfer analysis are performed with ABAQUS software and they are used for the training data generation to effectively implement a ML-based surrogate model capable of predicting key process outputs for entire batch productions. The resulting final surrogate predicts the behavior and evolution of the most important temperature variables of the process in a wide range of scenarios, with a mean absolute error around 3 °C, but reducing the time four orders of magnitude with respect to the simulations. Moreover, the methodology presented is not only relevant for manufacturing purposes, but can be a technology enabler for advanced systems, such as digital twins and autonomous process control.

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Study of Tailored Hot Stamping Process on Advanced High-Strength Steels

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Analysis of Transition Zone on a Hot‐Stamped Part with Tailored Tool Tempering Approach by Numerical and Physical Simulation

Analysis of Transition Zone on a Hot‐Stamped Part with Tailored Tool Tempering Approach by Numerical and Physical Simulation

Process Window Definition to Predict Mechanical Properties of Press Hardened Parts of Boron Steel with Tailored Properties

Machine Learning-Based Surrogate Model for Press Hardening Process of 22MnB5 Sheet Steel Simulation in Industry 4.0

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