Study of TH 1 and TH 2 activity in women with threatened miscarriages

Jain, Madhu; Hassan, Zahida; Jain, Shuchi

doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20151286

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This study further reported that the production of proinflammatory cytokines tended to increase with advancing maternal age. In concordance with the finding of this study, research by Jain et al 12 reported that the serum level of IL-2 was significantly elevated among women with threatened miscarriage compared with those with normal pregnancy.…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

“…The IL-2 and IFNγ cytokines have been reported to have a detrimental effect on the conceptus in previous studies carried out by Jain et al 12 Both IL-2 and IFNγ were concluded to be characteristics of T helper type 1 (Th1) cells which induce inflammatory reactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This study provided evidence that the mean baseline values of proinflammatory biomarkers (IL‐2 and IFN‐γ) were statistically higher in the threatened miscarriage group compared with the normal pregnancy group. The IL‐2 and IFN‐γ cytokines have been reported to have a detrimental effect on the conceptus in previous studies carried out by Jain et al 12 Both IL‐2 and IFN‐γ were concluded to be characteristics of T helper type 1 (Th1) cells which induce inflammatory reactions. Similarly, the mean value of anti‐inflammatory cytokine (IL‐13) was significantly higher in the threatened miscarriage group compared with the normal pregnancy group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflammatory cytokines in maternal serum between women with threatened miscarriage and normal pregnancy

Hakeem,

Bello,

Obajimi

et al. 2023

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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ObjectiveTo compare the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in women with threatened miscarriage and normal pregnancy.MethodsThis study was a longitudinal study. Consenting women with normal pregnancy and those admitted on account of threatened miscarriage at an estimated gestational age of 6–10 weeks were included in the study. The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and the anti‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐13 were measured at the diagnosis of threatened miscarriage (baseline) and in the 13th week of pregnancy. The χ2 test of association was used to examine the relationship between the pregnancy type and demographic characteristics; clinical history and gynecologic history. Student t test was used to compare the selected cytokine between women with threatened miscarriage and normal pregnancy.ResultsThere was a significantly higher IL‐2 (P = 0.033), IFN‐γ (P < 0.001), and IL‐13 (P < 0.001) in women with threatened miscarriage than in women with normal pregnancy at the baseline. At the follow up, the results revealed a significantly higher IFN‐γ level (P < 0.001) and IL‐4 (P = 0.019) in women with threatened miscarriage than in women with normal pregnancies.ConclusionProinflammatory cytokine profiles were associated with a higher risk of threatened miscarriage.

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supporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflammatory cytokines in maternal serum between women with threatened miscarriage and normal pregnancy

Hakeem,

Bello,

Obajimi

et al. 2023

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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“…Threatened miscarriage is the most common complication of ongoing pregnancy and it has been estimated to occur in up to 30% of all pregnancies. [ 1 ] Generally, miscarriage is a very devastating occurrence to most couples who are desirous of a positive outcome of pregnancy, especially in cases of recurrent miscarriages, thus making its prevention and management very important. [ 2 ] Pregnant women who present with threatened miscarriage are often extremely distressed and providing care can be challenging to the health care professionals because it is difficult to provide definite information on the potential outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of inflammatory cytokines in maternal serum for assessing the outcome of threatened miscarriage

Lawal,

Obajimi,

Bello

et al. 2024

JWAS

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Objectives: This study investigates the use of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in predicting the outcome of pregnancy complicated by threatened miscarriage. Materials and Methods: Of the 140 eligible pregnant women recruited for the study, maternal serum levels of selected inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IFNγ, IL-4, and IL-13) for 70 women with threatened miscarriage were analysed for this study. Serum concentrations were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Inevitable miscarriage or ongoing pregnancy was used as the outcome, whereas serum levels of selected inflammatory cytokines, women’s sociodemographic characteristics, gynaecologic history, and clinical history were used as the explanatory variables. The Student’s t test was used to compare the cytokine profiles between women with inevitable miscarriages and women with normal ongoing pregnancy after 13 weeks of gestation. Poisson regression models were performed to investigate the factors associated with inevitable miscarriage. Results: The result revealed significantly higher pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-2 (P < 0.001), and IFNγ (P < 0.001) in women with a pregnancy that resulted in an inevitable miscarriage than in those that resulted in an ongoing pregnancy. The incidence rate of inevitable miscarriage increased by 16% (IRR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.58–2.32) for a unit increase in IL-2 and by 25% (IRR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09–1.43) when adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, gynaecology, and clinical history. Conclusion: The IL-2 was the best biomarker for predicting the outcome of threatened pregnancy with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 70% at 1.30 pg/mL cut-off point.

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“…Most protozoan parasites such as Leishmania spp, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Malaria Spp can modulate the host immune system orchestrated via cytokines that activate different immune cells such as T-cell and NK cells (Mammari et al, 2019). The cytokines have been proposed to be associated with positive or negative development of continuous pregnancies related to downregulation of TH1 activity and enhancement of TH2 activity (Jain et al, 2015). Toxoplasma gondii induces a type-1 immune response by producing interferon-gamma, NK-cells, and TH-1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of early spontaneous abortions (ESA) and latent toxoplasmosis on Interleukine-23 in women

Mahdi

Abbas

Al-Hassnawi

2022

JANS

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Cytokines play an important role in intercellular communications, cell growth, differentiation, and immune system modulations. Some of these functions have crucial roles in pregnancy gaining or losing, especially those correlated with T helper 1, T helper 2, and T helper 17 cells. Several studies showed significant variations in Interleukine-23 (IL-23) with Toxoplasma infection. However, little is known about the regulations of this interleukin in the case of early spontaneous abortion (ESA) patients. The present study aimed to evaluate IL-23 to explain the effect of this cytokine on pregnancy gaining or losing with and without toxoplasma infections. Eighty-nine subjects were registered in the current study,16 Toxoplasma infected ESA women, 41 unknown ESA aborted women, 16 healthy pregnant women, and 16 healthy non-pregnant women served as control negative. Detections of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IL-23 by immunoenzymatic assay (IFA and ELISA, respectively). A significant difference (P = > 0.05) was found in all subjected groups except between Toxoplasmosis ESA and unknown EAS women. The data showed a substantial increase in sera IL-23 in unknown ESA with mean and standard deviation (SD) (13.679±2.461) and Toxoplasma infected women with mean and SD (14.279±4.757) as compared with non-Pregnant women having mean and SD (5.824±1.040) and healthy pregnant women with mean and SD (17.273±6.418). Therefore, this considerable evidence may indicate a role of IL-23 in the development of pregnancy gaining or losing, especially those ESA women.

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Study of TH 1 and TH 2 activity in women with threatened miscarriages

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Inflammatory cytokines in maternal serum between women with threatened miscarriage and normal pregnancy

Inflammatory cytokines in maternal serum between women with threatened miscarriage and normal pregnancy

Estimation of inflammatory cytokines in maternal serum for assessing the outcome of threatened miscarriage

Effects of early spontaneous abortions (ESA) and latent toxoplasmosis on Interleukine-23 in women

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