Study of the correlation between Covid-19 cases and deaths and basic sanitation in Brazil: Is this a possible secondary route of virus transmission?

Silva, Mateus Guimarães da; Carniel, Alessandra dos Santos

doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100149

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The hypothesis is also correlated with low mortality rates from COVID-19 in developing countries, since gastrointestinal infection usually causes minor or no symptoms [ 167 ]. Indeed, diverse factors account for the major vulnerability to the potential fecal-oro transmission of developing countries and low-income communities, including low levels of sanitation, sharing of water sources, transmission from fecal sources to foods mediated by insects and other vectors, over-crowding, poor hygiene and food handling practices [ 168 , 169 ]. The poor socio-economic resources do not allow an effective implementation and management of socio-sanitary prevention and containment strategies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A narrative review of alternative transmission routes of COVID 19: what we know so far

Arienzo,

Gallo,

Tomassetti

et al. 2023

Pathogens and Global Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemics, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2, represent an unprecedented public health challenge. Beside person-to-person contagion via airborne droplets and aerosol, which is the main SARS-CoV-2’s route of transmission, alternative modes, including transmission via fomites, food and food packaging, have been investigated for their potential impact on SARS-CoV-2 diffusion. In this context, several studies have demonstrated the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and, in some cases, of infectious particles on exposed fomites, food and water samples, confirming their possible role as sources of contamination and transmission. Indeed, fomite-to-human transmission has been demonstrated in a few cases where person-to-person transmission had been excluded. In addition, recent studies supported the possibility of acquiring COVID-19 through the fecal-oro route; the occurrence of COVID-19 gastrointestinal infections, in the absence of respiratory symptoms, also opens the intriguing possibility that these cases could be directly related to the ingestion of contaminated food and water. Overall, most of the studies considered these alternative routes of transmission of low epidemiological relevance; however, it should be considered that they could play an important role, or even be prevalent, in settings characterized by different environmental and socio-economic conditions. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings regarding SARS-CoV-2 alternative transmission routes, with the aim to disclose what is known about their impact on COVID-19 spread and to stimulate research in this field, which could potentially have a great impact, especially in low-resource contexts.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A narrative review of alternative transmission routes of COVID 19: what we know so far

Arienzo,

Gallo,

Tomassetti

et al. 2023

Pathogens and Global Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…• Enhanced investment to assure universal access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in households, schools, healthcare facilities, and other public spaces to significantly mitigate COVID-19-related public health risks [60][61][62][63].…”

Section: Ways Of Reducing Productivity Losses Associated With Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The present value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 and likely productivity losses averted through COVID-19 vaccination in Madagascar

MUSANGO,

MANDROSOVOLOLONA,

Fidiniaina

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background As of 3 March 2023, Madagascar had conducted 525,461 COVID-19 tests, which revealed a total of 67,865 cases, comprising 66,433 recovered cases, ten active cases, and 1,422 deaths. To date, no study has attempted to estimate the total present value of human lives lost $\left({TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}\right)$, productivity losses, and potential total productivity losses (or indirect costs) averted through COVID-19 vaccination for use in advocacy. The study reported in this paper attempted to bridge those information gaps. Methods A human capital model (HCM) was used to estimate the ${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$, i.e., sum of the discounted value of human life losses amongst persons in seven age groups $\left({PVHL}_{i}\right)$: 1 = under 5 years, 2 = 5 to 14 years, 3 = 15 to 24 years, 4 = 25 to 34 years, 5 = 35 to 44 years, 6 = 45 to 59 years, and 7 = 60 years and older. Each age group ${PVHL}_{i=1,\dots ,7}$ was obtained through the multiplication of discount factor, undiscounted year of life, non-health gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and age group’s number of COVID-19 deaths. To test the robustness of the results, the HCM was re-run five times, assuming (i) a 5% discount rate, (ii) a 10% discount rate, (iii) Africa’s highest average life expectancy at birth of 78.76 years (Algeria females), (iv) the world highest life expectancy of 88.17 years (Hong Kong females), and (v) projected excess COVID-19 mortality of 11,418.66. The projections of productivity losses averted through COVID-19 vaccination were done assuming 100%, 70%, 52.4%, and 8.266% coverage. Results The 1,422 human lives lost due to COVID-19 had a ${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$ of Int$ 46,485,587.15; and a mean of Int$ 32,690.28 per human life. Re-run of the model with (i) discount rates of 5% and 10% reduced ${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$ by 23.26% and 53%, respectively; (ii) average life expectancies of 78.76 years and 88.17 years grew ${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$ by 23.72% and 39.49%, respectively; (iii) projected excess COVID-19 mortality of 11,418.66 augmented ${TPVHL}_{MADAGASCAR}$ by 703%. Vaccinating 70% of the target population could potentially save the country Int$ 965,088,931 (1.71% of GDP). Conclusions COVID-19 pandemic has cost Madagascar substantive health and productivity losses. Potentially, the losses could be significantly reduced by optimizing COVID-19 vaccination coverage of the target population.

show abstract

Assessing the Waste and Sanitation Infrastructures toward COVID-19 Spreading in Surakarta City, Indonesia

Miladan,

Istanabi,

Putri

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

COVID-19 can spread rapidly in areas having high-density populations. The COVID-19 spreading in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas due to the population of urban areas being denser than that of rural areas. The existence of urban infrastructures is assumed to affect COVID-19 spreading in cities. The existence of waste and sanitation systems are the critical urban infrastructures relating to COVID-19 spreading. Surakarta is one of the cities in Indonesia having a high number of COVID-19 infection cases. Based on the Surakarta official website concerning COVID-19, it is known that COVID-19 infected about 37132 persons, or seven percent of the population until the end of the year 2022. This research seeks to reveal the correlation between the existence of waste and sanitation systems and COVID-19 spreading in Surakarta City. This research uses a quantitative approach supported by the statistical data which were retrieved from the Surakarta Statistics Agency, and the official website of the Surakarta Government concerning COVID-19 cases. The statistical data was processed by correlation analysis. The research result revealed that waste management correlates with the number of COVID-19 survivors’ cases. Meanwhile, the sanitation facilities even individually or communally do not correlate with the number of COVID-19 survivors’ cases. Furthermore, the factor of implementing health protocols has a low correlation with the number of COVID-19 survivors’ cases. The waste management is one of the important urban strategies for COVID-19 spreading. Furthermore, this study case describes that COVID-19 risk reduction relates more to urban management than urban planning.

show abstract

Study of the correlation between Covid-19 cases and deaths and basic sanitation in Brazil: Is this a possible secondary route of virus transmission?

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

A narrative review of alternative transmission routes of COVID 19: what we know so far

A narrative review of alternative transmission routes of COVID 19: what we know so far

The present value of human life losses associated with COVID-19 and likely productivity losses averted through COVID-19 vaccination in Madagascar

Assessing the Waste and Sanitation Infrastructures toward COVID-19 Spreading in Surakarta City, Indonesia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About