“…The + 49A/G (rs231775) SNP causes an amino acid change from threonine to alanine in the peptide leader sequence of the CTLA-4 protein (Chistiakov and Turakulov, 2003), whereas CT60A/G (rs3087243) is important for efficient splicing and production of soluble CTLA-4, and may play a role in mRNA stability of sCTLA-4 (Ueda et al, 2003). A number of casecontrol studies have been conducted to investigate the association of these polymorphisms with SLE (Heward et al, 1999;Matsushita et al, 1999;Pullmann et al, 1999;D'Alfonso et al, 2000;Ahmed et al, 2001;Lee et al, 2001;Liu et al, 2001;Hudson et al, 2002;Aguilar et al, 2003;Barreto et al, 2004;Parks et al, 2004;Torres et al, 2004;Ulker et al, 2009;Chua et al, 2010;Kimkong et al, 2011). However, these studies have shown inconclusive or contradictory results.…”