Study of the effect of trans fatty acids from ruminants on blood lipids and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Background:The intake of trans fatty acids (TFA) from industrially hydrogenated vegetable oils (iTFA) is known to have a deleterious effect on cardiovascular health, the effects of TFA from ruminants (rTFA) are virtually unknown. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of rTFA and iTFA on plasma LDL concentrations and other cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy subjects. Design: In a double-blind, randomized crossover controlled study, 38 healthy men were fed each of 4 experimental isoenergetic diets lasting 4 wk each. The 4 diets were high in rTFA (10.2 g/2500 kcal), moderate in rTFA (4.2 g/2500 kcal), high in iTFA (10.2 g/2500 kcal), and low in TFA from any source (2.2 g/2500 kcal) (control diet). Results: Plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher after the high-rTFA diet than after the control (P ҃ 0.03) or the moderate-rTFA (P ҃ 0.002) diet. Plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations also were significantly (P ҃ 0.02) higher after the iTFA diet than after the moderate-rTFA diet. Plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly (P ҃ 0.02) lower after the highrTFA diet than after the moderate-rTFA diet. Finally, all risk factors were comparable between the control and the moderate-rTFA diets. Conclusions: These results suggest that, whereas a high dietary intake of TFA from ruminants may adversely affect cholesterol homeostasis, moderate intakes of rTFA that are well above the upper limit of current human consumption have neutral effects on plasma lipids and other cardiovascular disease risk factors.Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:593-9.

Trans Fats in America: A Review of Their Use, Consumption, Health Implications, and Regulation

“…Three recent studies attempted to determine whether trans fats from these two sources had different effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins (28)(29)(30). The first of these studies by Motard-Belanger and colleagues (29) determined that diets enriched in either natural or commercial trans fats had similar effects on HDL and LDL cholesterol, as well as on the total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratio. In the TRANSFACT study (28), a statistically significant decrease in both HDL and LDL cholesterol was observed in women consuming commercial but not natural trans fat; no change was seen in men.…”

Effect of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet on bovine milk fatty acid composition

“…The effects of ruminant-derived trans FA on human health have yet to be fully clarified -the isomer profile of ruminant products is different from that of industrial trans FA. Recently, Motard-Bé langer et al (2008) suggested that moderate intakes of ruminant-derived trans FA are unlikely to have negative effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors, but until any isomer-specific effects are documented increased amounts of trans FA in milk should be viewed with caution.…”

Association of foods enriched in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and CLA supplements with lipid profile in human studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…intake of industrial TFA has a deleterious effect on lipoprotein concentrations; however, ruminant TFA may be less detrimental to blood lipid levels than industrial TFA (10) . Two isomers of CLA are cis-9, trans-11 (c9,t11) and trans-10, cis-12 (t10,c12) (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) .…”