“…These include preventing the adherence of bacteria to surfaces or other bacteria, interrupting quorum-sensing mechanisms required for the formation of biofilm components, inhibiting biosynthesis of the extracellular components of the biofilm matrix, and employing enzymes that can degrade the biofilm matrix, rendering the bacteria accessible to biocides and/or immune clearance (Cegelski et al, 2008). In the field of healthcare, some of these approaches have been implemented by using topical antimicrobial ointments, using catheters provided with a surgically implanted cuff (Flowers et al, 1989), seeding catheters with avirulent urinary tract Escherichia coli isolates (Trautner et al, 2003;Trautner et al, 2007), and coating medical devices with antimicrobial agents (Darouiche et al, 1999;Johnson et al, 1999;Ahearn et al, 2000;Domenico et al, 2001;Edmiston et al, 2006;Gó mez-Alonso et al, 2007;Cobrado et al, 2012Cobrado et al, , 2013Azevedo et al, 2014).…”