Study of the electrical conduction process in natural rubber‐based conductive nanocomposites filled with cellulose nanowhiskers coated by polyaniline

Abstract

In the present work, the electrical properties of a natural rubber-based nanocomposite (NR) filled with cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) coated with polyaniline (PANI) were studied. We developed a statistic model that simulates nanocomposite microstructure and conductivity, calculated using the transfer matrix technique. A two-dimensional network of resistors representing a microstructure of both the insulating region (NR) and conductive fillers (cellulose nanowhiskers coated with polyaniline-CNWP) was developed. The conductance of bond between two neighboring sites in the CNWP filler and two neighboring sites of the NR matrix was estimated using Drude's equation and Dyre's formula, respectively. Results of the simulations show that the conduction process between two sites of NR follows the modified Dyre model (RFEB), while between two CNWP sites follows the modified Drude model. The theoretical-experimental adjustment shows that the electrical conduction process occurs via hopping and tunneling between states located inside the CNWP phase, randomly distributed in the rubber matrix.

Dielectric, electric, and piezoelectric properties of three‐phase piezoelectric composite based on castor‐oil polyurethane, lead zirconate titanate particles and multiwall carbon nanotubes

“…The behavior of two‐phase composite can be explained by universal percolation theory 33,34 . Based on this theory, it was possible to calculate the percolation threshold of PUR/MWCNT nanocomposites whose estimated value was 1.57 wt.% MWCNT.…”

“…The σ dc behavior of two-phase composite can be explained by universal percolation theory. 33,34 Based on this theory, it was possible to calculate the percolation threshold of PUR/MWCNT nanocomposites whose estimated value was 1.57 wt.% MWCNT. According to the percolation theory, the σ dc of a twophase system can be described by a power law as shown in Equation (4):…”

Evaluation of Piezoresistive and Electrical Properties of Conductive Nanocomposite Based on Castor-Oil Polyurethane Filled with MWCNT and Carbon Black

“…Materials obtained from renewable and sustainable sources, such as bio-based and natural polymers, have attracted considerable interest in recent decades. These include natural rubber [1], cellulose [2], polypropylene based on cane alcohol [3], and polyurethane based on castor oil (PUR) [4].…”

Improving the swelling, mechanical, and electrical properties in natural rubber latex/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites: Effect of the sonication method

“…Conductive polymeric composites (CPC) are materials that allies polymers' main advantages as low cost, easy processing, and low density with a hardly found property in these materials: electrical conductivity. In the elastomeric field, conductive rubber composites (CRC) are gaining importance by combining the above‐mentioned characteristics with their unique strain properties 1,2 . The rubbers' high flexibility allows, for example, the replacement of metallic electrodes in devices that are subjected to repeated actuation cycles, such as in ionomeric polymer–metal composites (IPMCs), 3,4 whose conventional electrodes degrades over time 5–7 .…”

“…In the elastomeric field, conductive rubber composites (CRC) are gaining importance by combining the above-mentioned characteristics with their unique strain properties. 1,2 The rubbers' high flexibility allows, for example, the replacement of metallic electrodes in devices that are subjected to repeated actuation cycles, such as in ionomeric polymer-metal composites (IPMCs), 3,4 whose conventional electrodes degrades over time. [5][6][7] Other applications include biomimicry, 8 capacitors, 9 electrochemical sensors, 10 biomedicine, 11 and flexible electronics.…”