Study of the evolution of the geomagnetic disturbances during the passage of high-speed streams from coronal holes in solar cycle 2009-2016

Ground Electric Field, Atmospheric Weather and Electric Grid Variations in Northeast Greece Influenced by the March 2012 Solar Activity and the Moderate to Intense Geomagnetic Storms

“…Both ICMEs and CIRs are drivers of geomagnetic storms. Furthermore, Solar activity (ICMEs and CIRs) causes various types of physical processes in Earth's magnetosphere [13][14][15][16], ionosphere [17,18], atmosphere [4,19,20], lithosphere [21][22][23], biosphere [24][25][26][27] and technosphere [28][29][30].…”

“…In particular, Points #3-6 and Point #8 suggest that the highly geoeffective ICMErelated SEP event [4], with a flux peak on 8 March 2012 was most probably the root cause of the extreme weather event that occurred on 8-10 March 2012 in Thrace, Greece, and in the east Mediterranean as well. The space origin of the 8-10 March 2012 extreme meteorological event is greatly supported by the fact that, throughout a long-lasting eastward moving cyclone (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) in the Mediterranean Sea, the wind speed became highest only during periods (8-10 and 12-13 March 2012) following the incident of two interplanetary waves/solar cosmic rayon/into the Earth's magnetosphere. The detailed meteorological measurements made in Xanthi suggest that the large electric field fluctuations, rainfall and winds on March 8 started after >1.5 days from the occurrence of the solar flare of 7 March, in agreement with the early results of Schuurmans [33].…”

Extreme Bad Weather, Large Atmospheric Electric Field Fluctuations and Anomalous Changes in the High Voltage Electric Power Network in Thrace, North-East Greece, during the Solar Activity and the Magnetic Superstorm of March 2012

“…In particular, Points #3 -6 and Point #8 suggest that the highly geoffective ICME-related SEP event [4], with a flux peak on 8 March 2012 was most probably the agent of the extreme weather event occurred on 8-10 March 2012 in Thrace, Greece, and in the east Mediterranean as well. The space origin of the 8-10 March 2012 extreme meteorological event is greatly supported by the fact that, throughout a long-lasting eastward moving cyclone (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) in Mediterranean Sea, the wind speed became highest only during periods (8-10 and 12-13 March 2012) following the incident of two interplanetary waves / solar cosmic rayon / into the Earth's magnetosphere. The detailed meteorological measurements made in Xanthi suggest that the large electric field fluctuations, rainfall and winds on March 8 started after >1.5 days from the occurrence of the solar flare of March 7, in agreement to the early results of Schuurmans [33].…”