Study of the factors determining the mobility of ions in the polypyrrole films doped with aromatic sulfonate anions

Raudsepp, Terje; Marandi, Margus; Tamm, Tarmo; Sammelselg, Väinö; Tamm, Jüri

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2007.11.059

Cited by 54 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It can be seen from Figure 3a that the reduction peak was sharper than the oxidation peak indicating that the rate of reduction was faster than the rate of oxidation. This is often observed for PPy films doped with large immobile anions [31,32] and is consistent with the proposal of Bidan et al that C4S is irreversibly incorporated into a PPy film [12]. Therefore, as observed by Kim et al [13] for a PPy-C6S system, reduction of the PPy-C4S film is accompanied by an influx of cations.…”

Section: Electrochemical Behaviour Associated With the Polymer Matrixsupporting

confidence: 77%

Electrochemical Characterisation of Polypyrrole Doped with p‐Sulfonatocalix[4]arene

et al. 2012

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Polypyrrole (PPy) films doped with macrocyclic calixarene anions are attractive materials for the development of selective sensor materials and membrane systems as the incorporation of the macrocycles can confer specific recognition sites within the polymer matrix. However, unlike many other PPy films a calixarene-doped system is more complicated as calixarenes are themselves electroactive. Here we present results on the electroactivity, impedance properties and morphology of polypyrrole doped with p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene. The calixarene in the polymer was found to be irreversibly oxidised at potentials greater than 0.500 V vs. SCE and reacted to form a new redox active species that was trapped within the polymer matrix. The results from the impedance and EQCM studies indicated that the calixarene was permanently trapped within the polymer matrix and the polymer acted as a cation exchange material. In addition, the data acquired from the EQCM experiments showed that while the material displayed simple cation exchange properties at high scan rates, at lower scan rates the transport of neutral species was also observed. Overall, our findings indicate that the PPy-C4S system is suitable for use as a stable conducting polymer doped with an immobile anion within the potential window of À0.800 V to 0.500 V vs. SCE.

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Section: Electrochemical Behaviour Associated With the Polymer Matrixsupporting

confidence: 77%

Electrochemical Characterisation of Polypyrrole Doped with p‐Sulfonatocalix[4]arene

et al. 2012

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“…It is known that electronic conductivity of a conducting polymer depends on the regularity of polymer chains (conjugation length) and inter-chain packing (Raudsepp et al 2008). It was reasonable to conclude that the PPy doped with NSA and AQSANa had a well-packed structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dopant effect and characterization of polypyrrole-cellulose composites prepared by in situ polymerization process

Ding

Qian

et al. 2010

Cellulose

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Polypyrrole (PPy)-cellulose composites were prepared by in situ polymerization of pyrrole in pulp suspension using ferric chloride as an oxidant. Some sulfonic compounds including p-toluenesulfonic acid and its sodium salt (PTSA and PTSA-Na), benzenesulfonic acid (BSA), dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and its sodium salt (DBSA and DBSA-Na), 2-naphthalene sulfonic acid (NSA) and 9,10-anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid sodium salt (AQSA-Na) were used as dopants, and their effect on the conductivity of PPy-cellulose composite was investigated. The results showed that the species and dose of dopants had significant effect on the surface resistivity and environmental stability of PPy-cellulose composite. As the dopant, PTSA and DBSA had a superior doping effect compared to their sodium salts. The doping result of BSA was close to that of PTSA. NSA bearing a naphthalene ring and AQSA-Na bearing an anthraquinone ring gave the best conductivity. Using NSA or AQSA-Na as a dopant, along with suitable polymerization conditions, the PPy-cellulose composite obtained showed a surface resistivity as low as 20 X cm -2 . For most dopants, the lowest surface resistivity could be obtained when the molar ratio of dopant to pyrrole was 1:1. Both ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analysis confirmed that the PPy on pulp fibers doped with PTSA, PTSA-Na, NSA and AQSANa had different doping levels. The higher doping level of the PPy in the composites doped with NAS and AQSA-Na might be related to the stronger interaction of cellulose with PPy chains. Both SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and AFM (atomic force microscopy) observation revealed the fine grain microstructure of the PPy on the composites with average grain sizes in the range of 100-200 nm, and the PPy on the samples doped with NSA and AQSANa exhibited quite different morphology as compared to those doped with PTSA and its sodium salt.

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“…Doping with pTS alone or in conjunction with co-deposition of TiC significantly helps to achieve good cycling stability at 25°C. Raudsepp et al [7] have pointed out that PPy film deposited in the presence of such aromatic anions as pTS exhibits an anisotropic molecular organization, and the resulting PPy(pTS) film is more densely packed. This may be the reason for higher cycling stability of the present PPy(pTS)_AC electrode.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polypyrrole/carbon supercapacitor electrode with remarkably enhanced high-temperature cycling stability by TiC nanoparticle inclusion

Weng

Tsai

et al. 2013

Electrochemistry Communications

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Study of the factors determining the mobility of ions in the polypyrrole films doped with aromatic sulfonate anions

Cited by 54 publications

References 41 publications

Electrochemical Characterisation of Polypyrrole Doped with p‐Sulfonatocalix[4]arene

Electrochemical Characterisation of Polypyrrole Doped with p‐Sulfonatocalix[4]arene

Dopant effect and characterization of polypyrrole-cellulose composites prepared by in situ polymerization process

Polypyrrole/carbon supercapacitor electrode with remarkably enhanced high-temperature cycling stability by TiC nanoparticle inclusion

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