Study of the first stages of laser-induced contamination

Reaidy, Georges Gebrayel El; Wagner, Frank; Faye, Delphine; Natoli, Jean-Yves

doi:10.1117/1.oe.57.12.121903

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, this time, no intentional contamination was added in the vacuum chamber. These data were obtained when characterizing the sample during and after a “blank test” as they are always carried out after bake-out and before each regular contamination test 16 . The contaminant that was tested before this blank test was 3M EC9323-2 epoxy adhesive that degasses siloxanes among other molecules as observed during the gas chromatography mass spectrometry characterization shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, nanosecond laser-induced LIC deposits grow in two stages: first, they grow reproducing the spatial laser beam distribution (bump-shaped deposits), and then they evolve to a volcano-like morphology with a crater. 15,16 In this paper, we first show different observed relationships between wavelength-integrated in situ LIF intensity and the deposit thickness. We then asses the average growth rate of the LIC deposit during the first growth stage using in situ LIF data and ex situ deposit thickness measurement by SWLI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The experimental setup was described in detail elsewhere 16 . In brief, a multiple longitudinal mode 355-nm laser with a pulse duration of 13 ns operating at 10 Hz pulse repetition rate (Quantel YG 981) was focused (yielding a 1/e2 beam diameter of 90 μm) onto the transmitting samples that were placed in the center of a vacuum chamber.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A second temperature controlled vacuum chamber contained the contaminant and was connected via a regulation valve to the main chamber. For good reproducibility, LIC experiments were conducted after cleaning by bake-out and validated blank tests only 16 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growth rate during the first stage has been found to be proportional to the laser fluence with otherwise stable experimental conditions. In fact, nanosecond laser-induced LIC deposits grow in two stages: first, they grow reproducing the spatial laser beam distribution (bump-shaped deposits), and then they evolve to a volcano-like morphology with a crater 15 , 16 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-induced contamination deposit growth mechanisms on space optics

et al. 2022

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. Lasers in space often suffer from light absorbing deposits forming inside the resonator. This effect is commonly called laser-induced contamination (LIC), and its mechanism can be compared with laser chemical vapor deposition. LIC experiments were carried out in a dedicated vacuum chamber using a q-switched 355-nm laser, hafnia- or silica-coated fused silica samples and contamination by epoxy adhesive outgassing, or toluene vapor in vacuum. The typical deposit formation was observed at different experimental conditions and analyzed by in situ laser-induced fluorescence imaging and ex situ white light interference microscopy. We determined the average growth rate during the first growth stage (bump-shaped growth) and analyzed it as a function of the laser fluence, sample nature, and used contamination. The data show that the band gap of the sample is important for the LIC process in the first growth stage. The light absorbed in the sample leads to a temperature rise that drives the deposit growth. This knowledge opens a new pathway to minimize LIC that is complementary to studies that aim to reduce the adsorption of contaminant molecules by making chemical surface treatments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-induced contamination deposit growth mechanisms on space optics

et al. 2022

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Role of oxygen in laser-induced contamination at diamond-vacuum interfaces

Parthasarathy,

Joos,

Hughes

et al. 2024

Phys. Rev. Applied

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Analysis of laser-induced contamination at 515 nm in the sub-ps/MHz regime

Reaidy

Gallais

2020

Opt. Eng.

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We study Laser-Induced Contamination (LIC) as a potential cause of optical losses and Laser-Induced Damage (LID) of optical components for ultrashort pulse lasers with high average power in the MHz regime. Our work is conducted on dichroic mirrors designed for maximum reflection at 515nm operated in ambient air. Based on the development of an experimental set-up for real time monitoring of LIC and accelerated test protocols, we have conducted a parametric study on LIC development and studied its growth dynamics and morphology. We show that LIC is a main limitation of short wavelength high average power fs/ps lasers, with the formation of nanometric highly absorbing layers of carbonate compounds on the laser footprint, with evidence of thermal effects. It is also found that the last layer of the stack, at the interface between air and coating stack, is critical in the LIC growth which can open some perspectives for limitation of this effect.

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Study of the first stages of laser-induced contamination

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Laser-induced contamination deposit growth mechanisms on space optics

Laser-induced contamination deposit growth mechanisms on space optics

Role of oxygen in laser-induced contamination at diamond-vacuum interfaces

Analysis of laser-induced contamination at 515 nm in the sub-ps/MHz regime

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