“…At the same time, visible light communication (VLC) based on LEDs has attracted attention in both academy and industry [1–3]. As a new way of wireless communication, VLC has many significant advantages, such as high data transmission rate, enhanced security, no radio frequency interference, energy efficiency and the potential of spatial multiplexing of frequency in adjoining communication cells [4, 5]. Due to the combination of illumination with data transmission, VLC is now regarded as an emerging complementary technique in indoor wireless networks.…”