Study of the Impact of Urban Development on Surface Temperature Using Remote Sensing in Ho Chi Minh City, Southern Vietnam

Abstract

Rapid urbanisation and industrialisation have resulted in sharp land cover changes. Urban change not only impacts on land cover but also on urban climate. Land surface and atmospheric modifications due to urbanisation generally lead to a modified thermal climate that is warmer than the surrounding, non‐urbanised areas. In this research remote sensing technology was used to evaluate urban growth patterns and its thermal characteristics through mapping impervious surfaces and evaluating thermal infrared images. The case study was carried out in the northern part of Ho Chi Minh City, which has experienced accelerated urban development since the late 1980s. Landsat and Aster images were used to calculate variations in urban impervious surfaces from 1989 to 2006. Thermal bands were processed to obtain radiant surface temperatures for investigating the urban heat island effect associated with increasing impervious surfaces, both spatially and temporally. Impacts of urban development on surface temperature were shown by investigating the surface urban heat island effect intensity. The results show that the built‐up area in the northern part of Ho Chi Minh City expanded by 6.5 times between 1989 and 2006. Urban development has altered the magnitude and pattern of the surface urban heat island, with the highest land surface temperature cores found in the industrial (greater than 45oC) and urban areas (within 36oC and 40oC). In suburban and rural areas, where agricultural land still remains with full vegetation cover, the land surface temperature is usually lower. Using remote sensing, the impervious surface was extracted with overall accuracy and a Kappa coefficient for all three years greater than 96%, and the retrieved land surface temperatures with variations from in‐situ measurements of less than 2oC. The results presented here indicate that remote sensing can help to spatially monitor urban development and land surface temperature changes over the whole area and over a long period of time.

Diurnal and Seasonal Variations in the Effect of Urban Environmental Factors on Air Temperature: A Consecutive Regression Analysis Approach

“…In addition, Bokaie et al [30] investigated the relationship between seasonal change in land surface temperature and land use/land cover (LULC) classes in Tehran in 2010 and concluded that UHI effects had different causes due to the type of LULC classes in the region. Similarly, Van and Bao [31] reported that the highest surface temperature cores were in industrial and urban areas, and land cover composed of forest or water showed lower temperatures. Hart and Sailor [32] showed that the area with the warmest air temperature was a locus associated with industrial use, possibly due to a lack of vegetation and constant anthropogenic heat release.…”

The Impacts of Landscape Changes on Annual Mean Land Surface Temperature in the Tropical Mountain City of Sri Lanka: A Case Study of Nuwara Eliya (1996–2017)

“…In recent decades, population growth and economic development have directly affected landscapes' transformations in developing countries [1]. Rapid changes in the landscape have resulted in the conversion of natural vegetation and agricultural land into built-up (impervious) land, such as buildings, parking lots, roads, and other constructions [1][2][3][4]. This has caused several environmental problems at local, regional, and global scales [5], such as decreases in agricultural land [6]; habitat destruction [5,7,8]; air, soil, and water contamination [9][10][11]; increases in vector-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue [12]; decreases in green space [13,14]; and increases in land surface temperature (LST) [15][16][17].…”

Dynamics of Land Surface Temperature in Response to Land-Use/Cover Change

“…The process of urbanisation often replaces natural vegetation and agricultural land with impervious surfaces, such as buildings and roads (Thi Van and Xuan Bao, 2010). This trend has produced a series of environmental impacts on biodiversity, local climate, hydrologic processes, and so forth (Streutker, 2002; Roy et al ., 2009).…”

“…Studies have investigated the relationship between LST and LUCC (Chen et al ., 2006; Xiao and Weng, 2007; Thi Van and Xuan Bao, 2010) with two main foci. The first focus has been on the comparison of the LST of different land‐use conditions.…”