Study of the Kramers rare earth ions ground multiplet with a large orbital contribution by multifrequency EPR spectroscopy: in scintillator

Lead‐vacancy‐related hole centers in lead tungstate crystals

“…Therefore, in the PbWO 4 and PbWO 4 :Mo crystals co‐doped with A 3+ ions, the number of single lead vacancies should be small due to the formation of associates of V Pb with one or two A 3+ ions 8, 20 or the filling of the single lead vacancies V Pb by the A 3+ ions 4. The latter assumption is confirmed by the ESR data 21–23, which indicate that the local crystal field at the paramagnetic A 3+ ‐related center has the S 4 tetragonal symmetry, i.e., an A 3+ ion substitutes for a Pb 2+ lattice cation, with a charge compensation at a distance. Due to the reduced number of single vacancies V Pb , the G(II) emission is strongly suppressed in the co‐doped crystals as compared with the corresponding PbWO 4 and PbWO 4 :Mo crystals, and the V Pb ‐related TSL peak at about 225 K described above is absent 9.…”

Effect of addition of Ba(W0.5Cu0.5)O3 in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 ceramics on the sintering temperature, electrical properties and phase transition

“…They are currently widely used in motors, piezoelectric actuators, piezoelectric transformers, ultrasonic vibrator, filter, blue luminescence and resonator, and medical applications [4,5]. For high-power multilayer piezoelectric device applications, piezoelectric materials are electrically driven to high mechanical vibration near the resonance frequencies, leading to a temperature rising and deterioration of piezoelectric properties with the increase of their vibration velocities [6,7]. Therefore, the lead-based piezoelectric ceramics should have high piezoelectric constant (d 33 ), high electromechanical coupling factor (K p ), high mechanical quality factor (Q m ), and good temperature stability [8,9].…”

Glassforming Liquids, Amorphous and Semicrystalline Polymers: Exploring their Energy Landscape and Dynamical Heterogeneity by Multi-frequency High-Field EPR

“…The present paper reviews in a concise way the experimental efforts carried out in Pisa using the HF-EPR spectroscopy to provide novel insight into a wide class of disordered systems both in the solid state, i.e., amorphous polymers [14][15][16][17][18][19][20], and in the liquid state, i.e., glassforming viscous liquids [21,22], polymer melts [21] and semicrystalline polymers [23,24]. For completeness, in addition to the previous studies, we also mention other investigations employing the same equipment [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. The latter studies are not reviewed here.…”