Study of the mixed alkali effect in glasses and its relation to glass structure and alkali earth ion content

Todorović, Milica; Radonjić, L.

doi:10.1016/0272-8842(89)90053-9

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Another mechanism is based on Dietzel's structural field strength theory according to which the large difference in the field strength ( F) values between alkali and alkaline earth ions result in more tightly bonded glass network than that in the absence of alkaline earth ions [18]. Thus both the factors, that is, the electrostatic and structural factors favour decreased mobility of Na + ions in the barium borosilicate glass explaining the increase in E a with barium content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of barium on diffusion of sodium in borosilicate glass

Mishra

Kumar

Tomar

et al. 2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of barium on diffusion of sodium in borosilicate glass

Mishra

Kumar

Tomar

et al. 2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…The chemical attack can be identified by discoloration of the glass surface ranging from yellow and from brown to black, which progressively spreads into the seal body until failure occurs. The discoloration of glass could be due partly to penetration of sodium into the surface rupturing the Si–O–Si bonds of the continuous silica network and partly to elemental silicon produced by the reduction of silicate . The rate of degradation markedly increased with temperature and sodium vapor pressure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Ceramic Seal for Na/NiCl₂ Cells

Mali

Petric

2011

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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A ceramic seal based on a eutectic mixture of Na 2 O and Al 2 O 3 for use in Na/NiCl 2 (ZEBRA) cells was developed. The seal was tested in galvanic cells. The reproducibility of the emf data shows that the seal is fully impervious and can sustain high alkali pressure up to 1000°C without cracking or degradation. The cross-sectional microstructure revealed liquid phase formation during sealing and reaction bonding with the ceramic components of the cell. Fig. 4. SEM images of a b″-alumina tube reaction bonded to an a-alumina lid by a ceramic compound corresponding to the eutectic composition Na 2 O-1.85Al 2 O 3 in the Na 2 O-Al 2 O 3 phase diagram.Fig. 5. X-ray diffraction patterns of (a) ceramic powder heated at 1300°C for 2 h and (b) ceramic seal sintered at 1650°C for 5 min.

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“…Such a layer is limited to~70 nm because of the strong coupling between the lanthanum ions and the non-bridging oxygen in the bulk glass network leading to a low mobility of sodium ions. The mechanism is based on the Dietzel's structural field strength theory according to which the large difference in the field strength values between alkali and rare-earth ions (the ionic field strength with oxygen of La 3+ is higher than that of Na 1+ 0.55 and 0.19 respectively) result in more tightly bonded glass network than what one gets in the presence of only alkali metal ions [5][6][7]. Therefore the lanthanum containing glasses are characterized by low probability of oxidation reactions between nonbridging oxygen and dopant species and reduced mobility of alkali ions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%