Study of the occurrence and distribution of „Iezer“ and „Bolătău“-based toponyms in Romania and their counterparts from Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovenia

Abstract

The paper aims to investigate the distribution and evolution of toponyms derivative of the words „iezer” and “bolătău” (Romanian) and their counterparts in the neighboring countries, where such homologous words/toponyms exist, i.e. Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovenia. We documented that at present the terms where the toponyms originated (“iezer”/”jezero”/”jezioro” and “bolătău”/”blato”/ ”błoto”) are largely regarded as archaic forms, particularly “bolătău”/ ”blato”/”błoto” throughout the study area. However, toponyms based on both words are still in use in a large number of derivative variants (especially in the Slavic-speaking countries), which attest their age and relevance in the toponymical practice, albeit to a different extent and with national and regional variations in terms of occurrence. The study also indicates that, whereas the research topic requires further exploration in the shape of a quantitative approach investigation, given the complexity of toponymical studies within such an extensive area, it can be inferred that currently the vast majority of toponyms based on the two terms do not refer to water bodies, but have been transferred to other elements of the landscap

Discovering extinct water bodies in the landscape of Central Europe using toponymic GIS

“…First of all, the previous hypotheses on connections between place names and certain landscape phenomena are easy to capture in GIS and can be verified (Chen et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2006). Not only can these connections be studied on far wider levels and on more numerous statistical data sets, but they can also be applied on an international level with inputs of a set of place names in different languages (Grădinaru et al, 2012). One example of applying place names, GIS and local geographical factors connected with ethnology, is a study in ethno-physiography (Derungs and Purves, 2014;Feng and Mark, 2017;Mark and Turk, 2003), or in ethno-pedology (Capra et al, 2015;Capra et al, 2016).…”

Theoretical modeling of the dependence between micro-contact parameters and mechanical properties of contact materials

“…In order to reduce computation times, various fast numerical techniques were developed over time, such as Multi Level Multi Summation (MLMS) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), [3,9]. The two methods were used by Polonsky and Keer, [6], on a concentrated contact problem.…”

“…The theoretical determination of the elements of an elastic ellipsoidhalf-space contact was done using the method of influence coefficients, [3]. The estimated contact domain, which includes the actual contact area of unspecified shape and size, is a rectangular shaped domain discretized into a number of elementary areas called cells.…”

“…The use of conventional numerical solving methods is however limited by the large volume of computation due to the use of fine meshing of the assumed area of contact with an important number of nodes. Various methods are proposed in literature to reduce the computing time and power needed to solve contact problems.In order to highlight the dependence between micro-contact parameters and the mechanical properties of the materials in contact, the present paper proposes the numerical modeling of micro-contacts using the Conjugate Gradient and Fast Fourier Transform technique (CG + FFT), [3,4], and its adaptation to the micro-contact range. Model validation is performed by comparing the obtained results with the classical Hertz model, for various contact body shapes.…”

“…In order to highlight the dependence between micro-contact parameters and the mechanical properties of the materials in contact, the present paper proposes the numerical modeling of micro-contacts using the Conjugate Gradient and Fast Fourier Transform technique (CG + FFT), [3,4], and its adaptation to the micro-contact range. Model validation is performed by comparing the obtained results with the classical Hertz model, for various contact body shapes.…”