Study of the Osteoimmunomodulatory Properties of Curcumin-Modified Copper-Bearing Titanium

Abstract

Peri-implantitis can lead to implant failure. In this study, curcumin (CUR) was modified onto the copper-bearing titanium alloy (Cu-Ti) with the assistance of polydopamine (PDA) in order to study the bone immune response and subsequent osteogenesis. FE-SEM, XPS and water contact angle were utilized to characterize the coating surface. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and macrophages were cultured separately and together onto the CUR modified Cu-Ti. Cell activity, expression of relative genes and proteins, cell migration ability, and fluorescence staining of cells were performed. CUR modification slightly increased the activation of M1-type and M2-type cells under physiological conditions. In the inflammation state, CUR inhibited the overexpression of M1 macrophages and induced M2-type differentiation. In addition, the modification itself could provoke the expression of osteoblastic-related genes of BMSCs, while promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through the activation of macrophages in both physiological and inflammatory states. The BMSCs migration was increased, the expression of osteogenic-related genes and proteins was up-regulated, and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) was increased. Thus, the modification of CUR can promote the osteointegration effect of Cu-Ti by bone immunomodulation and may, in addition, improve the success rate of implants.

Colloidal Phenol-Amine Coating on Implants for Improved Anti-Inflammation and Osteogenesis

“…By minimizing variables that may cause interference through consistent sterilization and surgical procedures, the impact of coating could be isolated as a single factor in tissue inflammatory response. In this study, CT significantly mitigated LPS-induced destructive inflammation, which may be related to the fact that polyphenols can reduce oxidative stress caused by implantation. , These results were consistent with previous plant phenol- or polyphenol-modified surfaces, demonstrating the capacity of CT-C for immune regulation in vivo.…”

“…In this study, CT significantly mitigated LPS-induced destructive inflammation, which may be related to the fact that polyphenols can reduce oxidative stress caused by implantation. 28,47 These results were consistent with previous plant phenol-or polyphenol-modified surfaces, 56 demonstrating the capacity of CT-C for immune regulation in vivo.…”

“…As shown in Figure D, CT-C had a more pronounced hydrophilic effect. After adsorbing MT and CT, the WCA of titanium decreased from the initial value of 27.26 ± 4.33° to 20.68 ± 6.96° and 10.55 ± 1.89°, respectively (Figure E), which meant that CT-C may have a positive effect on improving cell adhesion …”

“…LPS could activate various signals such as Nos2, NF-κB pathway, and a lot of chemicals like nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) also play an important role in this cell behavior . There are several reports showing that polyphenol could adjust inflammation as well as oxidative stress via the NOX2/ROS/NF-kB pathway. , NO, as the production of arginine and catalyzed by iNOS, is one of the reasons for severe and chronic inflammation, which could also be reduced with polyphenol by inhibiting iNOS . We speculated that Tanfloc, a condensed polyphenol rich in reductive chemical groups, could effectively modulate the expression of LPS-induced iNOS and attenuate ROS production by its reductive nature, thereby inhibiting the destructive inflammation associated with M1-type macrophages.…”

“…After adsorbing MT and CT, the WCA of titanium decreased from the initial value of 27.26 ± 4.33°to 20.68 ± 6.96°and 10.55 ± 1.89°, respectively (Figure 2E), which meant that CT-C may have a positive effect on improving cell adhesion. 28 As shown in Figure 2F, the peaks of N 1s appeared in MT-C and CT-C, indicating the adsorption of Tanfloc on the titanium surface. The quantification results of the atom content percentage (Figure 2G) showed that the surface nitrogen and carbon of CT-C was higher than that of MT-C, while the detected titanium was less than that of MT-C, indicating that the CT-C was thicker than that of MT-C. To quantify the phenol-amine mass on MT-C and CT-C, the Tanfloc coating on the titanium substrate was first eluted with alkali liquor and then tested by UV−vis.…”