Study of the parameters of a single-frequency laser for pumping cesium frequency standards

Abstract

In scale relativity, quantum mechanics is recovered by transcribing the classical equations of motion to fractal spaces and demanding, as dictated by the principle of scale relativity, that the form of these equations be preserved. In the framework of this theory, however, the form of the classical energy equations both in the relativistic and nonrelativistic cases are not preserved. Aiming to get full covariance, i.e., to restore to these equations their classical forms, we show that the scale-relativistic form of the Schrödinger equation yields the Pauli equation, whilst the Pissondes's scale-relativistic form of the Klein-Gordon equation gives the Dirac equation.

Threshold, power, and spectral characteristics of a semiconductor emitter with a fiber Bragg grating

“…Threshold current I th includes the radiative and nonra diative recombination rates of charge carriers: (11) where R sp is the spontaneous recombination rate (see Eq. (24) from [2]), A is the nonradiative recombina tion rate, and n a is the carrier density in the LD active zone. Threshold current I th can be determined from expression (10) provided that tends to zero.…”

“…Coefficients F i appear ing in Eq. (7), as well as optical losses α i and the gain g i are defined by formulas (18), (20), and (22) from [2]. The optical power at the output of the LD cavity with reflectance R 1 is given by (9) where A c is the cross sectional area of the emitting zone in the laser.…”

“…We will first consider the experimental depen dences of the radiation wavelength and the power of radiation from the LD with the FBG on the pump cur rent for fixed temperatures of the LD and FBG and then calculate these dependences using the model proposed in [2] and discuss the results.…”

“…The laser diode (LD) and the FBG are installed on two separate ther moelectric coolers (TECs), which makes it possible to perform independent tuning to the D 2 line of cesium atoms. A model for calculating the spectral character istics of laser diodes (LDs) with FBGs proposed in [2] has made it possible to describe the single frequency generation mode. A model of the emitter taking into account the pressure emerging after soldering of the FBG on the TEC as well as temperature and disper sion was developed in [3].…”

Modulation response of dynamic single-mode quantum-well heterolasers in the 1.5 μm range

“…For GaInAsP-InP lasers the half width of the laser output spectrum with a fiber Bragg grating is no more than 0.1 nm with pulsed modulation of the pump current at a frequency of up to ≈5 GHz. Other features of the output parameters of single frequency semiconductor lasers are discussed in [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Methods of creating dynamic single-frequency semiconductor lasers that operate stably to generate a single longitudinal mode even with high speed direct modulation and are used in fiber-optic communications have been examined in [12,13].…”