Study of the phenotypic and genotypic biodiversity of potentially ochratoxigenic black aspergilli isolated from grapes

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Ochraoxin A Producing Black Aspergilli from Grape Pomace

“…Both sets of samples were then incubated at 25 o C for 7 days in the dark. The total colonies of yeast and mold were enumerated and results were reported in colony forming units CFU/ml from average fungal counts (Pitt & Hocking, 1997;Dachoupakan et al, 2009; US Food and Drug Bacteriological Analytical Methods, FDA-BAM).…”

“…Selected molds were isolated by three point inoculation onto PDA (potato dextrose agar), MEA (malt extract agar) and CYA (Czapek yeast extract), 5 g NaNO 3 ; 1.0 g K 2 HPO 4 ; 0.5 g KCl; 0.5 g MgSO 4 7H 2 O; 5.0 g yeast extract; 30.0 g sucrose; and 20.0 g agar in 1 liter water at pH 6.5 incubated for 7 days at 25 o C in the dark. Mold isolates were then maintained on Dichloran Glycerol 18% (DG18, Oxoid, USA) plates for further analysis (Pitt & Hocking, 1999;Dachoupakan et al, 2009; US Food and Drug Bacteriological Analytical Methods, FDA-BAM).…”

“…Four hundred (400 ul) microliters of precipitation buffer (N5) (ChargeSwitch Plant DNA Kit) was added and centrifuged at 13,000 rpm for 3 min. Batches of 1200 ml of cleared supernatant were carefully transferred to a 1.5-ml centrifuge tubes for washing and purification followed by eluting according to the manufacturer's instruction to complete DNA extraction (Dachoupakan et al, 2009;Peronne et al, 2010).…”

Wine Contamination with Ochratoxins: A Review

“…Several works have studied ecophysiological factors affecting fungal growth and OTA production by Aspergillus section Nigri strains in grape-based medium [37][38][39][40]. A. niger and A. carbonarius present an optimum temperature for growth around 30-35 • C although maximum OTA production is reached at lower temperatures (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) • C) closer to that found during night when OTA accumulation might occur. High water activity levels favor both growth and OTA production; therefore, rainfall close to harvest might potentiate toxin accumulation on grapes.…”

Moulds And Ochratoxin A Associated With Green Coffee (Coffea Arabica) Beans Processed By Dry And Wet Methods In Nyeri County.

“…The toxin is dangerous and often present noxious effect to eukaryotes, including humans, animals, and plants. It is considered nephrotoxic, cytotoxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive [8]. It has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a possible human carcinogen [9].…”