Study of the Relation between Brightness Reversion and Carbonyl Content in Cellulose Pulp.

Jullander, Ingvar; Brune, Kurt; Harshbarger, F.; Magnéli, Arne; Pestmalis, Herbert; Åsbrink, Stig

doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.11-0570

Cited by 8 publications

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“…High contents of the uncolored xylan-bound hexenuronic acid (HexA), especially, can potentially lead to yellowing of bleached kraft pulps (Costa and Colodette 2007). Therefore, achieving a high brightness and brightness stability, characteristic for market pulps (Jullander and Brune 1957), translates into effective removal of the residual lignin and HexA from the pulp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of carbonyl groups in cellulose leads ultimately to its partial depolymerization and deterioration of the strength (Beyer et al 2006). In addition, the carbonyl groups in cellulose and hemicelluloses are often mainly responsible for the brightness reversion of fully bleached chemical pulps (Röhrling et al 2002;Sevastyanova et al 2006;Jullander and Brune 1957;Lewis and Epstein 1962;Zhou et al 2011;Perrin et al 2014). The structure and origin of the carbohydrate derived chromophores have been studied in details (Sevastyanova et al 2006;Forsskahl et al 2009;Theander and Nelson 1988;Potthast et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical characteristics and stability of eucalyptus kraft pulps bleached with tertiary amine catalyzed hypochlorous acid

2018

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We recently found that subsequent treatments of hardwood kraft pulps with a tertiary amine (DABCO; 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) catalyzed hypochlorous acid (H cat ), ozone (Z) and hydrogen peroxide (P) may provide full brightness with low chemical dosages in a short overall reaction time. Here we report chemical characteristics and stability of H cat -Z-P bleached eucalyptus kraft pulps. In comparison with a normal ECF (elementary chlorine free) bleached pulp the H cat -Z-P bleached pulps had low carbonyl group content while the degree of polymerization of cellulose remained at high level. However, the brightness of the H cat -Z-P bleached pulps was reversed more easily under humid ageing conditions in comparison with the ECF bleached pulp. The discoloration was accompanied by an increase in Raman emission at 1560 cm -1 which is indicative of formation of highly conjugated chromophores. The brightness reversion did not correlate with the carbonyl content that is often considered to be the main origin of the brightness loss under humid conditions. In contrast, the brightness instability of the catalytically bleached pulps possibly resulted from the relatively high organochlorine content.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characteristics and stability of eucalyptus kraft pulps bleached with tertiary amine catalyzed hypochlorous acid

2018

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“…Reducing end groups do not appear to be involved in color reversion (142). The color instability of cellulose and hemicellulose is attributable to the presence of carbonyl and carboxyl groups (113,(143)(144)(145)(146)(147)(148)(149). Experimental data have shown that carbonyl and carboxyl groups at carbon atoms 2 and 3 are of importance.…”

Section: Color or Brightness Reversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yellowing of Modern Papers

Hon

1981

Preservation of Paper and Textiles of Historic and Artistic Value II

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Paper in its applications must satisfy a number of criteria, and of these, permanence and durability are the most important ones. Unfortunately, modern papers produced from wood pulps contain a high quantity of vulnerable cellulose and hemicellulose that have been oxidized during the pulping processes. They are relatively unstable toward light, heat, moisture, air, and other environmental factors. In addition, because of the shortage and high cost of raw materials, modern "high-yield" papers contain oxidized cellulose and hemicellulose; they also incorporate a considerable amount of lignin and extraneous material from wood, which further impairs the paper quality-permanence and durability. In this chapter, discoloration or yellowing of modern papers as a consequence of the oxidative reactions of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin as well as color stabilization is reviewed. Suggestions for further research in color stabilization are made.

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“…It is generally known that carbonyl groups decrease the brightness stability of fully bleached pulps when exposed to heat (Jullander and Brune 1957;Chirat and de La Chapelle 1999). Moreover, oxidized cellulose is very sensitive to alkaline environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Carbonyl and Carboxyl Groups on Cellulosic Pulps: Effect on Alkali Resistance

Perrin¹,

Pouyet²,

Chirat³

et al. 2014

BioResources

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Ozone bleaching generates carbonyl groups on the cellulose polymer when applied to unbleached kraft pulps. This suggests that pulp fully bleached with a totally chlorine-free (TCF) sequence may contain more oxidized groups than standard elemental chlorine-free (ECF) bleached pulp. A fully bleached pulp was treated with sodium hypochlorite to form oxidized groups (mostly carbonyls) on the pure carbohydrates, which were investigated during subsequent alkaline treatment. Carbonyl groups had a strong impact on color development during alkaline treatment. Among the carbonyls, the keto groups were the most active. This was confirmed by the behavior of carbohydrate model compounds that contained aldehyde, keto, and/or carboxyl groups when subjected to alkaline conditions. A subsequent hydrogen peroxide (P) stage effectively decreased the carbonyl content, which reduced yellowing during alkaline treatment. However, the oxidized cellulose was severely depolymerized. The addition of magnesium sulfate (Mg) into the P stage minimized depolymerization while maintaining some of the carbonyls in the carbohydrates. It is proposed that Mg cations can hinder alkaline β-elimination, possibly by forming a complex with the carbonyl groups. Keywords INTRODUCTIONInterest in cellulose-based materials has recently increased because cellulose is a renewable resource available in considerable quantities. Among the most active areas of development is the production of dissolving pulp for textiles, plastics, and various additives (Eichinger 2012). Most of the cellulose available today is produced from wood pulped by the kraft process and subsequently bleached by an oxidative process. The conventional bleaching sequences use chlorine containing oxidants, primarily chlorine dioxide, but also in some cases hypochlorite and even chlorine. They all generate chlorinated organics, which are released in the effluents and may also remain on the cellulose. Whether or not this represents an environmental issue has been a matter of debate for decades (NCASI 2013). Nevertheless, developing alternative chlorine-free processes has been an active subject of research for many years. Totally chlorine-free (TCF) bleaching processes have been proposed, which generally include the use of oxygen, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide (Lachenal and Nguyen-Thi 1994;Metais et al. 2013). The implementation of TCF presents several advantages: (1) no chlorinated chemicals should be formed; (2) less organic materials are released in the mill effluent since a portion of the bleaching effluent, which contains only background levels of chloride ions, can be burnt; and (3) less water is required to run the mill. However, the development of TCF bleaching has so far been very PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Perrin et al. (2014). "Alkaline yellowing of oxidized pulps," BioResources 9(4), 7299-7310. 7300 limited. The primary reason is due to the oxidation and depolymerization of cellulose by the reagents. Among them, ozone is considered to be responsible for most of the oxidati...

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Study of the Relation between Brightness Reversion and Carbonyl Content in Cellulose Pulp.

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Chemical characteristics and stability of eucalyptus kraft pulps bleached with tertiary amine catalyzed hypochlorous acid

Chemical characteristics and stability of eucalyptus kraft pulps bleached with tertiary amine catalyzed hypochlorous acid

Yellowing of Modern Papers

Formation of Carbonyl and Carboxyl Groups on Cellulosic Pulps: Effect on Alkali Resistance

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