Study of the relative timing of shear forces on the sole of the forefoot during walking

Effect of heel height on in-shoe localized triaxial stresses

“…The smaller forward shear during push-off was thought to be the result of reduced propulsive moment generated during high-heeled walking with predominate ankle plantarflexion (Hwang et al, 2006). Additionally, peak shear stress was found at midstance while peak pressure was generated during push-off, which agreed with the suggestion that the final motion of foot at push-off was an elevation rather than a forward motion (Tappin and Robertson, 1991).…”

“…Some measurements in previous studies were conducted using uniaxial or biaxial force transducers (Akhlaghi and Pepper, 1996;Hosein and Lord, 2000;Lebar et al, 1996;Lord et al, 1992;Lord and Hosein, 2000;Tappin et al, 1980;Tappin and Robertson, 1991). Uniaxial shear transducers can only measure shear stress in one direction.…”

A novel gait platform to measure isolated plantar metatarsal forces during walking

“…The advantage offered by the current system is that only a single force sensor is required to accurately measure isolated plantar metatarsal forces during walking. Such local variations in the vertical and shear force components, including their magnitude and temporal characteristics, are of significant research and clinical interest (Tappin and Robertson, 1991;Perry et al, 2002;Yavuz et al, 2008).…”

Biomechanics of Pressure Ulcer in Body Tissues Interacting with External Forces during Locomotion

“…Beside pressure, shear stresses acting on the plantar foot surface were also measured using biaxial or triaxial transducers discretely embedded in the insole (66)(67)(68). This allows monitoring of the shear stresses in two orthogonal directions dynamically.…”