Study of the Water Environment Risk Assessment of the Upper Reaches of the Baiyangdian Lake, China

Abstract

The risk assessment of water environments provides important references for water environment risk management. In this paper, the water environment risk of the upper rivers of the Baiyangdian Lake is assessed, considering both cumulative and sudden environmental risk. For the cumulative environmental risk assessment of the rivers, the characteristics of pollution transmissibility and accumulation in rivers was considered firstly. Furthermore, suggestions for the control of water environment pollution in the Baiyangdian Basin are given. The results indicate that the cumulative water environment risks of the Xiaoyi River—Dingzhou County, Xiaoyi River—Anguo County, Xiaoyi River—Boye County, and Xiaoyi River—Li County are high. The amount of fertilizer applied per unit of cultivated area, water quality, rate of water quality above the standard in water function zoning, and the ratio of environmental investment to gross domestic product (GDP) are important factors influencing the cumulative water environment risk. For sudden water environment assessments, the Xiaoyi River—Boye County is high. In the future, reducing the intensity of fertilizer application, strengthening the water quality control of the rivers, as well as upgrading the industry, should be carried out to protect the water environment in the Baiyangdian Basin.

Risk Assessment of Sudden Water Pollution Accidents Associated with Dangerous Goods Transportation on the Cross-Tributary Bridges of Baiyangdian Lake

“…Baiyangdian Lake receives water from nine rivers, including Baigouyin River, Bao River, Cao River, Fu River, Zhulong River, Ping River, Qingshui River, Tang River, and Xiaoyi River. Moreover, the water body of the Baiyangdian Basin is partly maintained by the water diversion from the Yellow River and the South-to-North Water Diversion Project [30], thereby increasing the water resources and improving the water quality. Baiyangdian Lake Basin rapidly developed, as it has been included in the Xiongan New Area of China since 2017.…”

“…South-to-North Water Diversion Project [30], thereby increasing the water resources and improving the water quality. Baiyangdian Lake Basin rapidly developed, as it has been included in the Xiongan New Area of China since 2017.…”

“…They subsequently established a prioritization framework for managing water environment risks and employed the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods to evaluate the levels of risk. Guan et al [30] developed a cumulative risk assessment system specifically for the upstream rivers of Baiyangdian Lake; they then employed the grid environmental risk analysis method to evaluate the risk of sudden water pollution in these upstream rivers. In summary, there is a need for further enhancement in the precision and feasibility of identifying and assessing water pollution risks during the transportation of hazardous materials.…”

“…Thus, the risk of sudden water pollution in Baiyangdian Lake is high due to rollover, leakage, and ship accidents. The frequent occurrence of water pollution accidents in the Baiyangdian Lake area poses serious threats to the safety and reliability of water supply [30].Hence, it is imperative to conduct appropriate risk identification and assessment, simulate potential water pollution incidents in the future, and implement tailored emergency prevention and control measures to mitigate the adverse effects of such incidents. However, as of now, no risk assessment for the Baiyangdian Lake sudden water pollution accident has been reported.…”

Spatial Distribution of Water Risk Based on Atlas Compilation in the Shaanxi Section of the Qinling Mountains, China

“…Hall and Borgomeo [10] pointed out that although risk is forward-looking and often considered to be future-oriented, past sequences of events and their impacts could provide some evidence about risks and monitoring variables associated with risk would assist in risk assessment. Semi-quantitative evaluations based on the construction of indicator systems have thus gained widespread attention [11][12][13][14][15], with a focus on the selection of indicators and ranking methods [16,17]. To select the most relevant indicators, researchers typically start by specifying a logical framework.…”