Study of Thermal Expansion and Compression Strength of Three Wood Species From Plantations

Espinoza-Herrera, Raúl; Olmos, L.; Trujillo, Isaac Alfaro; Garnica-González, Pedro

doi:10.1590/01047760202026022723

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Combined with the results of wet chemical analysis and FT-IR, it could be determined that the decrease of In general, the linear expansion coefficient along the grain direction (α l ) of sound wood is close to zero, only about 10% of that in the transverse grain direction. The radial linear expansion coefficient is smaller than that in the tangential direction [46][47][48]. The tendency of linear expansion of the three groups of archaeological wood samples in three directions was different from that of the sound wood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quasi-Nondestructive Evaluation Method for Physical-Mechanical Properties of Fragile Archaeological Wood with TMA: A Case Study of an 800-Year-Old Shipwreck

Han

Qin

et al. 2022

Forests

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Archaeological wood is a kind of ‘new material’ that has deteriorated due to long-term degradation. The existing wood science theory and evaluation methods are not fully applicable to archaeological wood. Moreover, current physical-mechanical evaluation methods are inadequate for fragile archaeological wood due to their insufficient accuracy and the large sample amount required, causing difficulties in many necessary physical-mechanical repeatability tests. In light of these limitations, the representative samples on Nanhai No. 1, a merchant shipwreck in the Song Dynasty, were selected as the research objects in this paper. The shipwreck is a typical waterlogged wooden artifact. A quasi-nondestructive physical-mechanical evaluation technique for archaeological wood was developed with the thermomechanical analyzer (TMA). This study used TMA to evaluate the bending strength of representative waterlogged archaeological samples of Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck and sound wood with the same species. Besides, the thermal linear expansion coefficients in the ambient temperature range were obtained. The sizes of the samples used in the tests were only 2 mm × 8 mm × 0.3 mm and 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm, respectively. Bending strength results of archaeological wood by the TMA method conformed to the tendency that the bending strength decreases with the increase of decay degree. In addition, the longitudinal linear expansion coefficients of archaeological wood reached 80%–115% of those in the transverse grain direction, which were about 10 times higher than those of the sound wood. The linear expansion coefficients of archaeological wood in three directions were similar. Based on the results of Fourier transform infrared analysis (FT-IR), the significant differences in the physical-mechanical properties of the archaeological wood and the sound wood were induced to be mainly ascribed to the decomposition and the loss of hemicellulose in the archaeological wood. The cell wall substrate could not stabilize the cellulose skeleton, which led to the instability of the tracheid structure of the archaeological wood. This study provided a proven quasi-nondestructive method for the preservation state evaluation of waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) from the Nanhai I shipwreck and other similar waterlogged wooden relics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quasi-Nondestructive Evaluation Method for Physical-Mechanical Properties of Fragile Archaeological Wood with TMA: A Case Study of an 800-Year-Old Shipwreck

Han

Qin

et al. 2022

Forests

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“…Some studies have shown a negative correl tion between the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of woo which can be used to predict bending performance [25][26][27]. Different positions even o the same log can also have very different physical properties [28][29][30]. To date, there are n research reports on the effects of growth ring width and tree height on the transver compression performance of wood.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Growth Ring Width, Height from Tree Base, and Loading Direction on Transverse Compression of Plantation Japanese Larch Wood

Zhang

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2023

Forests

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of growth ring width, height from the tree base, and loading direction on the transverse compressive strength of Japanese larch wood, which is commonly used in wood structures in China. Plantation wood is often used to replace natural forest woods for reconstruction purposes, despite significant differences in properties (e.g., growth rings, density, strength) between them. The ends of transversely compressed wood members in such structures are prone to damage by breaking or crushing. A transverse compressive test was conducted following Chinese national standards, which revealed the following key findings. (1) There was a significant difference in the transverse compressive strength of wood with different growth ring widths (p < 0.05). The radial and slant compressive strength of wood increases with growth ring width, while the tangential compressive strength decreases as growth ring width increases. (2) The transverse compressive strength of wood decreases as the height from the tree base increases. The radial, tangential, and slant compressive strength at a lower height were 18.39%, 22.58%, and 18% higher than those at a greater height in the stem, respectively, with significant differences at the 0.05 level. (3) The load–displacement curve of Japanese larch wood under radial and slant compression follows a “three-segment” form. In contrast, the load–displacement curve of tangential compression is a continuous curve that drops sharply upon reaching its highest point. (4) There is a significant difference in the transverse compressive strength of Japanese larch wood in different loading directions when growth ring width and height from the tree base are constant (p < 0.05), which fall into order as tangential > radial > slant.

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“…The hygroscopic shrinkage/expansion is caused by evaporation/absorption of water from/by the bark to/from the surrounding air during low/high atmospheric relative humidity Ilek et al, 2017;Delapierre et al, 2023). The stem shrinkage and expansion caused by variation in temperature is minimal, and the thermal expansion is lower in dry wood than in fresh/wet wood (Sevanto et al, 2005;Zhao et al, 2016;Goli et al, 2019) and lower in the radial direction than in the tangential direction (Espinoza-Herrera et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation and relative humidity favours tree growth while air temperature and relative humidity respectively drive winter stem shrinkage and expansion

Oogathoo,

Duchesne,

Houle

et al. 2024

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Forest ecosystems have a major role in sequestering atmospheric CO2 and as such, their resilience is of upmost importance. In the boreal forest, trees grow only during a short period when air temperature is favourable. During winter, trees have specific mechanisms to survive in the cold air temperature. In order to understand the response of trees to a changing climate, this study assessed the influence of environmental variables on three phases of tree radial variation (i.e., growth, shrinkage and expansion) during three periods of the year (i.e., growing season, freeze–thaw period, and winter). The three phases were extracted from stem radial variation measured for as much as 11 years on 12 balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.] trees located in a cold and humid boreal forest of eastern Canada. The random forest algorithm was used to model each phase during each period. Our results show that tree growth increased with high precipitation and high relative humidity. Stem shrinkage was affected mostly by solar radiation, precipitation and vapour pressure deficit during the growing season and was likely caused by tree transpiration. During both the freeze–thaw and winter season periods, stem shrinkage increased with decreasing air temperature. During the growing season, stem expansion was related to 1-day-lag solar radiation and 1-day-lag vapour pressure deficit, which are the same variables associated with shrinkage the preceding day. Stem expansion increased with increasing air temperature and relative humidity during the freeze–thaw and winter season periods, respectively. This study shows that sink-driven tree growth is promoted mostly under humid conditions while antecedent dry and warm conditions are required during the growing season for trees to assimilate carbon through photosynthesis.

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Study of Thermal Expansion and Compression Strength of Three Wood Species From Plantations

Abstract: Dimensional changes during thermal treatment were evaluated by dilatometry.

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

A Quasi-Nondestructive Evaluation Method for Physical-Mechanical Properties of Fragile Archaeological Wood with TMA: A Case Study of an 800-Year-Old Shipwreck

A Quasi-Nondestructive Evaluation Method for Physical-Mechanical Properties of Fragile Archaeological Wood with TMA: A Case Study of an 800-Year-Old Shipwreck

Effects of Growth Ring Width, Height from Tree Base, and Loading Direction on Transverse Compression of Plantation Japanese Larch Wood

Precipitation and relative humidity favours tree growth while air temperature and relative humidity respectively drive winter stem shrinkage and expansion

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