Study of Three Years Follow Up Effect of Covid-19 Infection on Patients on Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Background: Patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) are five times more likely to get a severe COVID-19 infection. Objective: We aimed to determine the renal outcomes in patients with CKD who had been infected with Covid-19 and follow up its effect through 3 years. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted on data of total 60 adults CKD patients with diagnosis of Covid-19 infection, at Nephrology Outpatient Clinic of Ain Shams University Hospital. Participants were categorized into 3 groups according to CKD stage; group 1: CKD 1 (n=3), group 2: CKD 2 (n=27) and group 3: CKD 3 (n=30). Results: The quick COVID-19 severity index (qCSI) was significantly higher in in CKD 3 group compared to CKD 1 and CKD 2 groups (P= 0.001 & 0.001). Intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation (MV), incidence of AKI and mortality were significantly different among the studied groups (P < 0.05), being higher in CKD 3 and not observed in CKD 1 suggesting the increased risk with advanced CKD stage. Conclusions: The severity and risk of COVID-19 tend to increase with advanced stage (stage 3) compared to stage-1 and 2. Additionally, creatinine level had been increased while glomerular filtration rate (GFR) had decreased significantly during the follow-up period. Stage-3 exhibited worse outcome such as ICU admission, increased demand for mechanical ventilation (MV) and higher incidence of AKI and mortality.