Study of Variations in the Branching Pattern and Distance of Origin of Branches of Posterior Cord of Brachial Plexus

Bhosale, Santosh Manohar; A.Y, Raghavendra

doi:10.16965/ijar.2017.364

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our study showed that one of the most important anatomical landmarks was the azygos venous arch. At the same time, its vertebral level is subject to variation from the T2 level to the T5 level [13,20,24,30]. According to our data, its most frequent location is at the T4 level (56.7%), which is consistent with the other authors' data (52.8%) [20], and slightly different from the data of the investigators, who showed that this level corresponds more frequently to the T5 level [24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…At the same time, its vertebral level is subject to variation from the T2 level to the T5 level [13,20,24,30]. According to our data, its most frequent location is at the T4 level (56.7%), which is consistent with the other authors' data (52.8%) [20], and slightly different from the data of the investigators, who showed that this level corresponds more frequently to the T5 level [24]. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the azygos vein joins the superior vena cava at the T3 level in 62.5% [13] and 53.33% [18], while the arch of the azygos vein and its confluence with the superior vena cava were at the same level [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediastinal anatomical landmarks, their variants and tips for video-assisted thoracoscopic navigation during oesophageal extirpation

et al. 2021

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Purpose There is no systematic description of primary anatomical landmarks that allow a surgeon to reliably and safely navigate the superior and posterior mediastinum’s fat tissue spaces near large vessels and nerves during video-assisted endothoracoscopic interventions in the prone position of a patient. Our aim was to develop an algorithm of sequential visual navigation during thoracoscopic extirpation of the esophagus and determine the most permanent topographic and anatomical landmarks allowing safe thoracoscopic dissection of the esophagus in the prone position. Methods The anatomical study of the mediastinal structural features was carried out on 30 human cadavers before and after opening the right pleural cavity. Results For thoracoscopic extirpation of the esophagus in the prone position, anatomical landmarks are defined, their variants are assessed, and an algorithm for their selection is developed, allowing their direct visualization before and after opening the mediastinal pleura. Conclusion The proposed algorithm for topographic and anatomical navigation based on the key anatomical landmarks in the posterior mediastinum provides safe performance of the video-assisted thoracoscopic extirpation of the esophagus in the prone position.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediastinal anatomical landmarks, their variants and tips for video-assisted thoracoscopic navigation during oesophageal extirpation

et al. 2021

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“…[4][5][6][7][8] and is summarized in Table 2. The highest incidence was reported by Rastogi 6 (22.9%) and the lowest by Darji 4 (1%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Variations in the Origin of Axillary Nerve From the Posterior Cord of Brachial Plexus and Its Clinical Importance

Tiwari¹,

Nayak²

2017

IJAR

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Background: Axillary nerve, one of the terminal branches of posterior cord of brachial plexus is more prone for iatrogenic injuries. Lack of proper anatomical knowledge and variations of axillary nerve leads to an increased risk of nerve injuries. The present study describes the origin of axillary nerve, its distance of origin from anteromedial aspect of coracoid process, posterolateral aspect of acromion process, and its termination.

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“…The incidence of origin of axillary nerve as a common trunk from the posterior cord of brachial plexus varies from 1%-22.9% in various studies. [7][8][9][10][11] and is summarized in Table 2. The highest incidence was reported by Rastogi [8] (22.9%) and the lowest by Darji [10] (1%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Author Number of specimens Origin from posterior cord Origin as a common trunk from posterior cord Chaudhary P et al 2011 [7] 60 96.67% 3.33% Rastogi R et al 2012 [8] 74 77.10% 22.90% Gaur S et al 2012 [9] 50 92% 8% Darji A et al 2013 [10] 100 99% 1% Bhosale SM et al 2014 [11] 40 87.50% 12.50%…”

Section: Fig 2 Showing Branches Of Axillary Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of Origin and Distance of Axillary Nerve: A Descriptive Study

S¹,

H²,

M³

2018

IJCBR

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Background – Axillary nerve, one of the terminal branches of posterior cord of brachial plexus is more prone for injuries. Lack of proper anatomical knowledge and variations of axillary nerve leads to risk of nerve injuries. The present study describes the origin of axillary nerve, its distance of origin from tip of coracoids process. Method: Thirty brachial plexuses from fifteen formalin fixed human cadavers of both the sexes were studied by dissection method. Origin and branching pattern of axillary nerve and its distance of origin from the anteromedial aspect of tip of coracoid process & posterolateral aspect of acromion process was recorded. Results: Out of the 30 specimens studied, axillary nerve was originating from the posterior cord of brachial plexus in 90% of specimens, remaining 10% specimens showed a common trunk of origin of axillary nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus. The mean distance of origin of axillary nerve from the anteromedial aspect of tip of coracoid process and posterolateral aspect of acromion process is 3.98cm & 6.30cm respectively. The axillary nerve terminated into anterior and posterior branch within quadrangular space in 29 specimens. In one specimen articular branch for shoulder joint was not directly arising from axillary nerve instead it is arising from anterior branch of axillary nerve. Conclusion: In studied population Axillary nerves display variations in the origin and distance of origin. Knowledge of this variation in axillary nerve is very important to clinicians, anaesthetists and orthopaedic surgeons during surgical exploration of neck, axilla and upper arm, shoulder dislocation, infraclavicular brachial plexus block and fracture of surgical neck of humerus.Keywords: Axillary nerve; Posterior cord; Coracoid process; Acromion process.

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Study of Variations in the Branching Pattern and Distance of Origin of Branches of Posterior Cord of Brachial Plexus

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Mediastinal anatomical landmarks, their variants and tips for video-assisted thoracoscopic navigation during oesophageal extirpation

Mediastinal anatomical landmarks, their variants and tips for video-assisted thoracoscopic navigation during oesophageal extirpation

Study of Variations in the Origin of Axillary Nerve From the Posterior Cord of Brachial Plexus and Its Clinical Importance

Variations of Origin and Distance of Axillary Nerve: A Descriptive Study

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