Study on Additional Carrier Sensing for IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard are able to achieve low-power transmissions in the guise of low-rate and short-distance wireless personal area networks (WPANs). The slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) is used for contention mechanism. Sensor nodes perform a backoff process as soon as the clear channel assessment (CCA) detects a busy channel. In doing so they may neglect the implicit information of the failed CCA detection and further cause the redundant sensing. The blind backoff process in the slotted CSMA/CA will cause lower channel utilization. This paper proposes an additional carrier sensing (ACS) algorithm based on IEEE 802.15.4 to enhance the carrier sensing mechanism for the original slotted CSMA/CA. An analytical Markov chain model is developed to evaluate the performance of the ACS algorithm. Both analytical and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than IEEE 802.15.4, which in turn significantly improves throughput, average medium access control (MAC) delay and power consumption of CCA detection.

Runtime Estimation of the Number of Active Devices in IEEE 802.15.4 Slotted CSMA/CA Networks with Deferred Transmission and No Acknowledgment Using ARMA Filters

“…The discrete time Markov chain (DTMC) models to analyze the IEEE 802.15.4 have been studied in [11][12][13][14][15]. Park et al [11] analyzed the throughput and energy consumption under saturated condition and validated their analysis through comparison with simulations.…”

“…Pollin et al [12] analyzed and evaluated the slotted CSMA/CA to validate whether it is suitable for low cost and low-power consumption or not under saturated and unsaturated conditions. Lee et al [14] presented an additional carrier sensing (ACS) algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 WSNs which gives the node one more chance that performs CCA if and only if the second CCA of the device is busy. Chong et al [15] analyzed the performance of throughput and energy consumption of ZigBee sensor networks under wireless local area network (WLAN) interference.…”

“…Chong et al [15] analyzed the performance of throughput and energy consumption of ZigBee sensor networks under wireless local area network (WLAN) interference. However, in [12,14,15], the deferred Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing transmission has not been considered when the remaining slots are not enough to transmit a frame. Jung et al [13] analyzed throughput of the slotted CSMA/CA for IEEE 802.15.4 with considering deferred transmission that occurs when the remaining slots are not enough to transmit a frame and validated the model through simulations.…”

A Reliable Data Transmission Model for IEEE 802.15.4e Enabled Wireless Sensor Network under WiFi Interference

“…Hence, the authors in [15] have designed one Additional Carrier Sensing (ACS) algorithm to reduce energy consumptions by avoiding further channel access through the information during the second CCA. However, the wastage of energy is possible when the second CCA is found busy due to data transmission.…”

Distributed traffic estimation and throughput optimization in random access networks

“…A short clear channel assessment was then proposed to shorten the carrier sensing and increase the transmission attempts. Lee et al [83] identified the same inefficiency issue of double carrier sensing and proposed a 3-slot clear channel assessment method to differentiate between data packet and acknowledgment packet. The knowledge on the type of packets results in better transmission strategy and hence higher throughput and lower energy consumption.…”