Study on bacterial flora in the Hanuman langur Presbytis entellus of the Gujarat state, India

Parmar, S. M.; Jani, Rajesh; Mathakiya, Rafiyudin A.

doi:10.5455/vetworld.2013.131-133

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge and based on available literature, isolation of Salmonella from swamp deer, lady Amherst pheasant and white peafowl appears to be for the first time in the world. In previous studies Salmonella was isolated from grey langur [20], hyena [21], leopard [22], golden pheasants [23] and ostrich [24]. The isolation rate of Salmonella from the feces of all captive wildlife was 3.1% and by direct PCR assay, detection rate was found to be 5.7%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Occurrence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and genotypic relatedness of Salmonella spp. isolates from captive wildlife, their caretakers, feed and water in India

et al. 2018

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Occurrence of Salmonella spp. in captive wild animal species in India is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of different Salmonella serotypes, antimicrobial resistance patterns and genotypic relatedness of recovered isolates. A total of 370 samples including faecal (n = 314), feed and water (n = 26) and caretakers stool swabs (n = 30) were collected from 40 different wild animal species in captivity, their caretakers, feed and water in four zoological gardens and wildlife enclosures in India. Salmonellae were isolated using conventional culture methods and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility with the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Salmonella isolates were serotyped and genotyping was performed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing. Animal faecal samples were also subjected to direct PCR assay. Salmonella was detected in 10 of 314 (3.1%) faecal samples by isolation and 18 of 314 (5.7%) samples by direct PCR assay; one of 26 (3.8%) feed and water samples and five of 30 (16.7%) caretakers stool swabs by isolation. Salmonella was more commonly isolated in faecal samples from golden pheasants (25%; 2/8) and leopard (10%; 2/20). Salmonella enterica serotypes of known public health significance including S. Typhimurium (37.5%; 6/14), S. Kentucky (28.5%; 4/14) and S. Enteritidis (14.3%; 2/14) were identified. While the majority of the Salmonella isolates were pan-susceptible to the commonly used antibiotics. Seven (43.7%; 7/16) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and one isolate each among them exhibited penta and tetra multidrug-resistant types. Three S. Kentucky serotype were identified in a same golden pheasants cage, two from the birds and one from the feed. This serotype was also isolated from its caretaker. Similarly, one isolate each of S. Typhimurium were recovered from ostrich and its caretaker. These isolates were found to be clonally related suggesting that wildlife may serve as reservoir for infections to humans and vice versa. These results emphasise the transmission of Salmonella among hosts via environmental contamination of feces to workers, visitors and other wildlife.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In previous studies Salmonella was isolated from grey langur [20], hyena [21], leopard [22], golden pheasants [23] and ostrich [24]. The isolation rate of Salmonella from the feces of all captive wildlife was 3.1% and by direct PCR assay, detection rate was found to be 5.7%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and genotypic relatedness of Salmonella spp. isolates from captive wildlife, their caretakers, feed and water in India

et al. 2018

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“…Studies of TB in elephants in India, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Nepal and Laos have also confirmed transmission between humans and elephants (11, 30, 33, 54–56). Mtb has also been found in other wildlife in these countries, including free-living hanuman langurs in India and free-ranging and captive macaques in four Asian countries (10, 57).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tuberculosis, caused by Mtb, has been reported in cattle in rural areas of Africa, including the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, as well as in captive wildlife and pets (5–9). However, infections with Mtb have been discovered only recently in free-ranging wildlife in Asia (10–12). Although animals are typically considered dead-end hosts for Mtb, there is evidence that infected elephants are capable of spreading infection to other elephants and different species, including humans (13–16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Tuberculosis in a Free-Ranging African Elephant and One Health Implications of Human Pathogens in Wildlife

et al. 2019

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Tuberculosis (TB) in humans is a global public health concern and the discovery of animal cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and disease, especially in multi-host settings, also has significant implications for public health, veterinary disease control, and conservation endeavors. This paper describes a fatal case of Mtb disease in a free-ranging African elephant (Loxodonta africana) in a high human TB burden region. Necropsy revealed extensive granulomatous pneumonia, from which Mtb was isolated and identified as a member of LAM3/F11 lineage; a common lineage found in humans in South Africa. These findings are contextualized within a framework of emerging Mtb disease in wildlife globally and highlights the importance of the One Health paradigm in addressing this anthroponotic threat to wildlife and the zoonotic implications.

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“…One study from a zoological collection in India reported TB in spotted deer [50], while a similar study in Pakistan reported TB in spotted deer and two antelopes, namely, chinkara gazella and black buck [62]. A few studies have reported TB from langur in India and rhesus monkey in Nepal [63,64], and these may be associated with M. tuberculosis transmission from contact with humans as in South Asia as there are many feral monkeys residing in communities. However, TB in wildlife in South Asia has not been adequately studied to fully understand the impact.…”

Section: Other Cases Of Tb In Wildlife In South Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildlife Tuberculosis: An Emerging Threat for Conservation in South Asia

Thapa¹,

Nakajima²,

Gairhe³

et al. 2017

Global Exposition of Wildlife Management

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Wildlife tuberculosis (TB) is becoming one of the emerging challenges for conservation globally. South Asian region is home to many endangered species like Asian elephants, rhinoceros, and Bengal tigers. Although it carries more than one-third of global burden of human TB, TB in livestock and wildlife has not been adequately studied. This chapter reviews the present knowledge and information about animal-adapted members of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and wildlife TB in South Asia. Recent studies of TB from different wild animals in Nepal and Bangladesh have found that M.orygis is an emerging threat of wildlife TB in the region. These studies have demonstrated wide diversity of M. orygis strains circulating in the region indicating its endemic distribution. M. orygis-associated TB was discovered from a free-ranging rhinoceros in Nepal and the finding could signify threat of TB in other wild animals, including a possibility of unknown maintenance host. Recent studies also revealed an emerging challenge caused by TB to elephants in different South Asian countries like Nepal, India, and Sri Lanka.Wildlife TB is becoming a conservation challenge in South Asia, but given the paucity of research in this area, it is overlooked and underexplored.

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Study on bacterial flora in the Hanuman langur Presbytis entellus of the Gujarat state, India

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Occurrence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and genotypic relatedness of Salmonella spp. isolates from captive wildlife, their caretakers, feed and water in India

Occurrence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and genotypic relatedness of Salmonella spp. isolates from captive wildlife, their caretakers, feed and water in India

Fatal Tuberculosis in a Free-Ranging African Elephant and One Health Implications of Human Pathogens in Wildlife

Wildlife Tuberculosis: An Emerging Threat for Conservation in South Asia

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