Study on combustion characteristics of hydrogen addition on ammonia flame at a porous burner

Chen, Danan; Li, Jun; Li, Xing; Deng, Lisheng; He, Zhaohong; Huang, Hongyu; Kobayashi, Noriyuki

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.125613

Cited by 48 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The minimum amounts of NO x emissions were measured at near extinction operation of burner while NO x production increased with increasing the mass flux rate. Effect of hydrogen addition on the combustion characteristics of ammonia flame in a porous media burner was investigated numerically and experimentally by Chen et al 26 Results showed that peak temperature of ammonia flame increased with increasing the hydrogen content. Also, they observed that the thermo-physical characteristics of the porous media strongly affected the combustion performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on the pollutant emissions of premixed ammonia/methane/air flame within porous burner

Hashemi,

Wang,

Mao

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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In the present study, premixed ammonia-methane combustion within a two-layer porous burner was investigated experimentally in order to evaluate the pollutant emissions. The effects of alumina spheres diameter, equivalence ratio and ammonia fraction on the flame stability limits, CO and NO pollutant emissions were considered. The tests were performed for equivalence ratios from 0.8 to 1, ammonia fraction from 20% to 80% and a range of alumina spheres diameters from 5 to 40 mm. Measurements illustrated that increasing the equivalence ratio improved the flame stability limits regardless of ammonia fraction while flame stability limits decreased with increasing the ammonia fraction. Results indicated that for the mixtures with ammonia content less than 50%, increasing ammonia fraction caused increase in NO emission regardless to the equivalence ratio, while for mixtures with ammonia fractions higher than 50%, the NO emission decreased slightly as ammonia content increased. Meanwhile, with increasing the ammonia fraction, CO concentration decreased at examined equivalence ratios. It was found that increasing equivalence ratio increased the NO emission, while CO concentration decreased as equivalence ratio increased. Measurements proved that decreasing the diameter of alumina spheres caused decrease of NO and CO quantities regardless to equivalence ratio.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on the pollutant emissions of premixed ammonia/methane/air flame within porous burner

Hashemi,

Wang,

Mao

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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“…Therefore, it is difficult to use as a single fuel for direct combustion [ 15 , 16 ]. The use of hydrogen as a combustion aid and ammonia miscombustion was found to be one of the ways to improve ammonia combustion efficiency [ 17 ]. This not only leads to improved in-cylinder combustion [ 18 ] but also reduces the requirement for engine modifications (material compatibility), thus ensuring a cost-effective transition to hydrogen energy [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Equivalence Ratio on Pollutant Formation in CH4O/H2/NH3 Blend Combustion

Sun,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Molecules

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This paper investigates the effect of equivalence ratio on pollutant formation characteristics of CH4O/H2/NH3 ternary fuel combustion and analyzes the pollutant formation mechanisms of CO, CO2, and NOX at the molecular level. It was found that lowering the equivalence ratio accelerates the decomposition of CH4O, H2, and NH3 in general. The fastest rate of consumption of each fuel was found at φ = 0.33, while the rates of CH4O and NH3 decomposition were similar for the φ = 0.66 and φ = 0.4. CO shows an inverted U-shaped trend with time, and peaks at φ = 0.5. The rate and amount of CO2 formation are inversely proportional to the equivalence ratio. The effect of equivalence ratio on CO2 is obvious when φ > 0.5. NO2 is the main component of NOX. When φ < 0.66, NOX shows a continuous increasing trend, while when φ ≥ 0.66, NOX shows an increasing and then stabilizing trend. Reaction path analysis showed that intermediates such as CH3 and CH4 were added to the CH4O to CH2O conversion stage as the equivalence ratio decreased with φ ≥ 0.5. New pathways, CH4O→CH3→CH2O and CH4O→CH3→CH4→CH2O, were added. At φ ≤ 0.5, new intermediates CHO2 and CH2O2 were added to the CH2O to CO2 conversion stage, and new pathways are added: CH2O→CO→CHO2→CO2, CH2O→CO→CO2, CH2O→CHO→CO→CHO2→CO2, and CH2O→CH2O2→CO2. The reduction in the number of radical reactions required for the conversion of NH3 to NO from five to two directly contributes to the large amount of NOX formation. Equivalent ratios from 1 to 0.33 corresponded to 12%, 21.4%, 34%, 46.95%, and 48.86% of NO2 remaining, respectively. This is due to the fact that as the equivalence ratio decreases, more O2 collides to form OH and some of the O2 is directly involved in the reaction forming NO2.

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“…At the same time, China's external dependence on oil and natural gas is extremely high, and energy security is facing great challenges. Therefore, it is urgent to develop alternative fuels for fossil fuels [2,3] . Many alternative fuels, such as methanol, ether, hydrogen and biodiesel, have been studied by domestic and foreign scholars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Laminar Combustion Characteristics of Ammonia/ Hydrogen Premixed Based on Chemical Reaction Kinetics

et al. 2023

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The combustion characteristics of ammonia/hydrogen premixed laminar flow and the effect of hydrogen on the combustion performance of ammonia fuel were studied. First, the corresponding model of ammonia/ hydrogen premixed laminar combustion is established by using GRI3.0 mechanism, Konnov mechanism, Mei mechanism, Okafor mechanism, and Otomo mechanism respectively. Second, the simulation results are compared with the experimental results. It is found that the Mei mechanism and Okafor mechanism are more suitable for ammonia/ hydrogen premixed laminar combustion. On this basis, the effects of equivalent ratio, hydrogen ratio, and initial temperature on laminar flame velocity, maximum combustion temperature, and NO mole fraction were studied. The results show that the laminar flame velocity, the maximum combustion temperature, and the mole fraction of NO first increase and then decrease with the increase of the equivalent ratio, and the laminar flame velocity reaches the maximum when the equivalent ratio is 1.1. At the same time, with the increase of hydrogen ratio and initial temperature, the maximum combustion temperature increases first and then decreases. The mole fraction of NO increased with the increase of hydrogen ratio and initial temperature. The results show that mixing hydrogen in ammonia can improve the combustion characteristics of ammonia.

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Study on combustion characteristics of hydrogen addition on ammonia flame at a porous burner

Cited by 48 publications

References 33 publications

Experimental study on the pollutant emissions of premixed ammonia/methane/air flame within porous burner

Experimental study on the pollutant emissions of premixed ammonia/methane/air flame within porous burner

Effect of Equivalence Ratio on Pollutant Formation in CH4O/H2/NH3 Blend Combustion

Study on Laminar Combustion Characteristics of Ammonia/ Hydrogen Premixed Based on Chemical Reaction Kinetics

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