Study on control of oxygen concentration in lead–bismuth flow using lead oxide particles

Experimental Study on Chemical Behaviors of Non-Metal Impurities in Pb, Pb-Bi and Pb-Li by Temperature Programmed Desorption Mass Spectrometer Analysis

“…The PbO lead oxide must not be reduced only by the heating under the evacuation condition. The oxygen trapped as O 2 molecule in Pb must be small, since the O 2 may react with Pb and form PbO [9]. The locations of the "Peak-α" is close to that of the "Peak-2" of H 2 O desorption spectrum.…”

“…For example, the corrosion of steels in liquid Li is influenced by oxygen [1], carbon [5] and nitrogen [6] dissolved in the melt. The corrosion mechanism of the steels in leadbismuth (Pb-Bi) alloy [7,8] changes by the oxygen potential in the alloy [9,10]. The solubility data of hydrogen isotopes in the Pb-Li alloy are dispersed widely [11], and the one of the possible causes must be the difference of impurity conditions of the alloy.…”

Application of Electromotive Force Measurement in Nuclear Systems Using Lead Alloys

“…The upper part of the YSZ tube was sealed using alumina cement. This sensor with the Mo/Bi-Bi 2 O 3 reference electrode was similar to the Mo/Bi-Bi 2 O 3 reference sensor manufactured in other institutes (Courouau et al, 2002b;Konys et al, 2004;Kondo et al, 2006). The following two methods were employed for calibration of oxygen sensors: (1) comparison between measured EMF values and theoretical ones using two kinds of gases with different oxygen concentrations for the reference electrode and the working electrode, and (2) comparison between measured EMF values and theoretical ones in LBE with the parameter of temperature under the condition close to oxygen saturation in LBE.…”

“…Calibration methods using Co/CoO or Fe/Fe-oxide equilibrium in liquid LBE besides Pb/PbO equilibrium (oxygensaturated condition) were also attempted (Schroer et al, 2011). The YSZ sensors with the Mo/Bi-Bi 2 O 3 reference electrode have been manufactured and used by other researchers (Li, 2002;Kondo et al, 2006;Num et al, 2008). Although sensors with the Mo/In-In 2 O 3 reference electrode have been also developed, the temperature range where measured EMF values agree with theoretical values in the calibration test is very narrow (Konys et al, 2001;Courouau, 2004;Fernandez et al, 2002;Colominas et al, 2004).…”

Solubility of Oxygen in Molten Lead - Bismuth Eutectic Alloy (44.5% Pb - 55.5% Bi)

“…We also obtain the emf values from the sensor at the beginning and at the end of each experiment. Equation [9] can be expressed as: [10] Where A is [11]:…”