Study on curing kinetics of epoxy-amine to reduce temperature caused by the exothermic reaction

Ran, Zhipeng; Liu, Xiaobing; Jiang, Xiaolian; Wu, Yeping; Liao, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2020.178735

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, an additional “heat release promotor” was needed to impulse the foaming through cascade exotherms as illustrated in Figure A,C. We identified epoxides as ideal candidates since their aminolysis is known to create an important exotherm , that is correlated to the strain release of the cycle, further enhanced in epoxy resins by the rapid viscosity increase preventing efficient heat dissipation. Moreover, these precursors are compatible with the PHU chemistry, yet keeping the foaming process very simple while affording PHU/epoxide hybrids known to be robust materials with enhanced properties. − For the proof of concept, F3 was modified by partly substituting TMPTC by its epoxy precursor, i.e., trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TMPTE) (Figure A,B; see Section 2 in the Supporting Information for details).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascade Exotherms for Rapidly Producing Hybrid Nonisocyanate Polyurethane Foams from Room Temperature Formulations

Bourguignon,

Grignard,

Detrembleur

2023

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For decades, self-blown polyurethane foams�found in an impressive range of materials�are produced by the toxic isocyanate chemistry and are difficult to recycle. Producing them in existing production plants by a rapid isocyanate-free self-blowing process from room temperature (RT) formulations is a long-lasting challenge. The recent water-induced self-blowing of nonisocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) formulations composed of a CO 2 -based tricyclic carbonate, diamine, water, and a catalyst successfully addressed the isocyanate issue, however failed to provide foams at RT. Herein, we elaborate a practical solution to empower the NIPU foam formation in record timeframes from RT formulations. We generate cascade exotherms by the addition of a highly reactive triamine and an epoxide to the formulation of the water-induced self-foaming process. These exotherms, combined to a fast cross-linking imparted by the triamine and epoxide, rapidly raise the temperature to the foaming threshold and deliver hybrid NIPU foams in 5 min with KOH as a catalyst. Careful selection of the monomers enables producing foams with a wide range of properties, as well as with an unprecedented high biobased content up to 90 wt %. Moreover, foams can be upcycled into polymer films by hot pressing, offering them a facile reuse scenario. This robust cheap process opens huge perspectives for greener foams of high biobased contents, expectedly responding to the sustainability demands of the foam sector. It is potentially compatible to the retrofitting of industrial foaming infrastructures, which is of paramount importance to accommodate existing foam production plants and address the huge foam market demands.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascade Exotherms for Rapidly Producing Hybrid Nonisocyanate Polyurethane Foams from Room Temperature Formulations

Bourguignon,

Grignard,

Detrembleur

2023

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, an additional "heat release promotor" was needed to impulse the foaming through cascade exotherms as illustrated in Figures 3A and 3C. We identified epoxides as ideal candidates since their aminolysis is known to create an important exotherm 34,35 that is correlated to the strain release of the cycle, further enhanced in epoxy resins by the rapid viscosity increase preventing efficient heat dissipation. Moreover, these precursors are compatible with the PHU chemistry, yet keeping the foaming process very simple while affording PHU/epoxide hybrids known to be robust materials with enhanced properties.…”

Section: B Strategy For Fast Foaming From Room Temperature Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascade exotherms for rapidly producing hybrid non-isocyanate polyurethane foams from room temperature formulations

Bourguignon,

Grignard,

Detrembleur

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For decades, self-blown polyurethane foams - found in an impressive range of materials - are produced by the toxic isocyanate chemistry and are difficult to recycle. Producing them in existing production plants by a rapid isocyanate-free self-blowing process from room temperature (RT) formulations is a long-lasting challenge. The recent water-induced self-blowing of non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) formulations composed of a CO2-based tri-cyclic carbonate, diamine, water and a catalyst, successfully addressed the isocyanate issue, however failed to provide foams at RT. Herein, we elaborate a practical solution to empower the NIPU foam formation in record timeframes from RT formulations. We generate cascade exotherms by the addition of a highly reactive triamine and an epoxide to the formulation of the water-induced self-foaming process. These exotherms, combined to a fast crosslinking imparted by the triamine and epoxide, rapidly raise the temperature to the foaming threshold and deliver hybrid NIPU foams in 5 minutes with KOH as catalyst. Careful selection of the monomers enables producing foams with a wide range of properties, as well as with an unprecedented high bio-based content up to 90 wt%. Moreover, foams can be upcycled into polymer films by hot-pressing, offering them a facile reuse scenario. This robust cheap process opens huge perspectives for greener foams of high bio-based contents, expectedly responding to the sustainability demands of the foam sector. It is potentially compatible to the retrofitting of industrial foaming infrastructures, which is of paramount importance to accommodate existing foam production plants and address the huge foam market demands.

show abstract

“…Epoxy resins have versatile utilization in modern society due to their attractive properties, such as excellent chemical and solvent resistance, high mechanical strength and modulus, good adhesion, and low shrinkage [1][2][3]. In the structural composite industry, epoxy resins are primarily applied as the matrix of fiber-reinforced polymer composites, and the majority of the composite parts are manufactured by using thermoset prepregs [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cure Kinetics of a Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Prepreg by Dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Chen

Zhu

Zhao

et al. 2023

International Journal of Polymer Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Investigating the curing kinetics of a fiber prepreg system is beneficial to the controlling of prepreg laminate curing process. In the present work, a dicyandiamide (DICY)-cured carbon fiber/epoxy prepreg system was investigated by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at 2, 5, 10, and 20°C/min to attain the glass transition temperature for uncured prepreg and fully cured sample, which were estimated to be 7.6°C and 106.2°C, respectively. The activation energy (Ea) of the prepreg system was evaluated by Kissinger and Ozawa methods, and Friedman method was also employed to reveal the evolution of Ea as a function of curing degree. The kinetic parameters were determined by fitting the average Ea value obtained by Friedman method into Málek methodology, and the two parameters Šesták–Berggren model was found to best describe the curing kinetic of the prepreg system. The preexponential factor was calculated to be 6.0 × 10 8 min−1, with the overall reaction order at nearly 2.5. The prediction curves, based on Friedman method and autocatalytic model, were in good agreement with the experimental data.

show abstract

Study on curing kinetics of epoxy-amine to reduce temperature caused by the exothermic reaction

Cited by 19 publications

References 39 publications

Cascade Exotherms for Rapidly Producing Hybrid Nonisocyanate Polyurethane Foams from Room Temperature Formulations

Cascade Exotherms for Rapidly Producing Hybrid Nonisocyanate Polyurethane Foams from Room Temperature Formulations

Cascade exotherms for rapidly producing hybrid non-isocyanate polyurethane foams from room temperature formulations

Cure Kinetics of a Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Prepreg by Dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About