Study on Ecological Effect of Urban Landscape Water in Jinan, Shandong Province

Abstract

As an important part of urban water system, urban landscape water plays a significant role in the improvement of urban ecological effect, such as adjusting regional climate, increasing water vapor content and reducing urban heat land effect. At present, the pattern of landscape water has a lot of research findings, but quantitative analysis of the impact on ecological function of urban landscape water is too little. This paper took hydrologic station upstream in Huangtaiqiao in Jinan city as study area and respectively compared ecological effect of landscape water with land surface on adjusting regional temperature from two periods of annual and summer evaporation. The result shows that landscape water does better in this aspect. So it is essential to pay extraordinary attention to reasonably planning landscape water of land use in the future in order to give full play to its ecological effect.

Study on the Effects of EGR and Spark Timing on the Combustion, Performance, and Emissions of a Stoichiometric Natural Gas Engine

“…When combustion temperature rises sufficiently for CO generation at full-load condition, it begins to have less effect on CO emissions. 52 Referring to Figure 21 c, NOx emissions sharply increase with advance of spark timing, mainly due to increasing in-cylinder temperature. For example, considering the curve for 50% load at 1800 rpm in Figure 21 c, when spark timing changes from 32 °CA BTDC to 40 °CA BTDC, the NOx emissions increase from 2.9 to 4.5 g/kW h. This represents an increase of about 52%.…”

“…Combustion temperature is lower at moderate load conditions and increases with advancing spark timing. When combustion temperature rises sufficiently for CO generation at full-load condition, it begins to have less effect on CO emissions . Referring to Figure c, NOx emissions sharply increase with advance of spark timing, mainly due to increasing in-cylinder temperature.…”

Study on Urban Rainfall–Runoff Model under the Background of Inter-Basin Water Transfer

“…The 80 dence interval in Table 1 is the statistical results obtained from large sample expe in the United States, France, Australia, Ivory Coast, Brazil, and other places [6 addition, the GR3 model also includes six fixed parameters. These values are fixed large sample test [64,65]. The GR3 model contains three parameters to be optimized, namely A, B, and C (see Table 1 for details), which represent the maximum water depth of the runoff generation tank, the maximum water depth of the runoff routing tank, and the number of unit line periods, respectively.…”

“…Automatic calibration can be achieved in the model. The 80% confidence interval in Table 1 is the statistical results obtained from large sample experiments in the United States, France, Australia, Ivory Coast, Brazil, and other places [64,65]. In addition, the GR3 model also includes six fixed parameters.…”

“…In addition, the GR3 model also includes six fixed parameters. These values are fixed after a large sample test [64,65].…”