Study on eggs of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during incubation in the controlled laboratory conditions

Bhagat, R. A. Patil; Zade, S. B.; Charde, Pravin

doi:10.31018/jans.v4i1.228

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Yoshizaki et al (2004) reported a peak of yolk volume at day 4 of incubation in Japanese quail. This is consistent withBhagat, Zade, and Charde (2012) who recorded (wet) weight changes of the yolk sac in Japanese quail during the entire incubation period. Their data show a clear peak of yolk weight at day 4 of incubation.…”

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confidence: 92%

Morphology of the avian yolk sac

Starck¹

2020

Journal of Morphology

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The avian yolk sac is a multifunctional extraembryonic organ that serves not only as a site of nutrient (yolk) absorption, but also for early hemopoiesis, and formation of blood vessels. Although the yolk sac membrane being specialized to function as an extraembryonic absorptive organ, it is neither morphologically nor functionally part of the embryonic gut. Yolk absorption is by the phagocytic activity of the extraembryonic endoderm. I used cryohistology and resin embedding histology of complete developmental series of Japanese quail to document the development of the avian yolk sac and changes of the microscopic anatomy throughout development. This material is complemented by complete series of MRT-scans of live ostrich embryos from beginning of incubation through hatching. Considerable changes of size and shape of the yolk mass are documented and discussed as resulting from water flux from albumen to yolk associated with the biochemical activation of yolk sac proteins.During embryogenesis, the yolk sac endoderm forms villi that increase the absorptive surface and reach into the yolk ball. The histology of the absorptive epithelium is specialized for phagocytic absorption of yolk. During early developmental stages, the extraembryonic endoderm is single layered, but it eventually becomes several layers thick during later stages. The extraembryonic mesoderm forms an extensive layer of hematopoietic tissue; deep in this tissue lie the yolk sac vessels. During late stages of development, the erythropoietic tissue disappears, blood vessels are obliterated, and the yolk sac epithelium becomes apoptotic. Results are discussed in the light of the evolutionary history and phylogeny of the amniote egg. | INTRODUCTIONThe avian egg is an almost paradigmatic model of amniote eggs. However, diverging evolutionary pathways have led to different functional, developmental, and morphological features of the eggs in the diverse groups of amniotes (e.g. Packard & Packard, 1980;Elinson, Stewart, Bonneau, & Blackburn, 2015; Starck, Stewart & Blackburn, this issue of JMOR). However, knowledge of the amniote egg is scattered through the published literature, incomplete for morphology and clades providing the necessary phylogenetic coverage, and rarely comprehensive and integrative in an evolutionary context. While the eggshell and the chorioallantois have been covered to some degree by morphological studies, the analysis of the morphology of the yolk mass and the cellular yolk sac has been neglected. Therefore, this paper focuses on the morphology and histology of the avian yolk sac so that comparisons with other amniote eggs may be made and placed in a phylogenetic and evolutionary framework.The avian egg is a cleidoic egg; that is, a protective layer of eggshell membranes, and a calcified, but semi-conductive eggshell (only water vapor and respiratory gases diffuse across shell membranes and shell) enclose proportionally large volumes of yolk and albumen. Yolk, albumen, and eggshell are the main constituents of the egg. The ovary

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Morphology of the avian yolk sac

Starck¹

2020

Journal of Morphology

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“…The selected eggs were sterilized with a 2:1 formaldehyde (37%):potassium permanganate (99%) solution [ 15 ] and incubated at 37.5°C and 60% humidity [ 16 ] in an automatic incubator (Luna 480; ChocMaster, Piraquara, Brazil). The automatic egg-turning tray turned the eggs every two hours until day 15 of incubation [ 17 ]. After 21 days of incubation, the numbers of hatched and fertilized but unhatched eggs were counted, and percent fertility was calculated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dietary crude protein levels during growth phase affects reproductive characteristics but not reproductive efficiency of adult male Japanese quails

Retes¹,

Neves²,

Bernardes³

et al. 2022

Anim Biosci

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Objective: The objective was to evaluate the influence of different dietary crude protein (CP) levels during the growth phase on reproductive characteristics and reproductive efficiency as well as the body development of adult male Japanese quail.Methods: Three hundred one-day-old male quails were distributed into five treatments with diets containing different CP levels (18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, and 26%) in a completely randomized design, with six replicates of ten birds each. The CP diets were applied only during the growth phase (1 to 35 days). At 36 days of age, the birds were transferred to 30 laying cages with three males and nine females each, and all birds received the same diet formulated to meet production-phase requirements until 96 days of age.Results: The growth rate of the birds increased linearly (p<0.01) with increasing dietary CP, but the age of maximum growth decreased (p<0.05). At growth maturity, all birds had the same body weight (p>0.05). At 35 days of age, higher weight gain was obtained (p<0.05) with diets containing 22% CP or higher. No effects on feed conversion were observed in this phase. The increase in dietary CP enhanced (p<0.01) nitrogen intake and nitrogen excretion but did not affect (p>0.05) nitrogen retention. Testis size, seminiferous tubular area, number of spermatogonia, and germinal epithelial height at 35 days of age increased linearly (p<0.05) with dietary CP, while the number of Leydig cells decreased (p<0.01). The Sertoli cell number at 60 days of age increased linearly (p<0.01) with dietary CP. Dietary CP levels did not affect cloacal gland size, foam weight, foam protein concentration, semen volume, or flock fertility at 90 days of age.Conclusion: Dietary CP concentration affected body and testicular development in male Japanese quails but did not affect reproductive efficiency.

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