Study on elemental features of Longquan celadon at Fengdongyan kiln site in Yuan and Ming Dynasties by EDXRF

Composition analysis of ancient celadon via femtosecond laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

“…4b. Its concentration variation might depend mainly upon the change in recipe or origin of raw materials, such as the gradually decreased utilization of Fe-rich Zijin soil [16,52], or the evolution of raw material processing [1,53]. Table 3 The mean composition of the celadon body from Yue kiln in four cultural eras.…”

“…The remarkable difference of the glaze between these two kilns is that the content of Ca in the glaze from Yue kiln is higher than that from Yaozhou kiln, while element K is inversely behaved. The great abundance of K would be advantageous to reduce the firing temperature and then result in the decreased fluxility of the fused glaze [16,24], forasmuch the glaze rich in K would be prone to be featured by a thicker layer [59]. Besides, the glazing method would also influence the thickness of glaze [60].…”

“…[10,11], would also have impact on the elemental features of resultant products [12,13], which varied with different historic periods [9]. Consequently the elemental analysis including major, minor, and trace elements via analytical techniques can be utilized for tracing the porcelain age, manufacturing technology as well as its provenance [14][15][16][17]. This knowledge can also contribute to the understanding of ancient civilization and trade, providing information about its conservation as well as restoration [18][19][20][21][22].…”

“…Varieties of techniques have been applied for analysis of porcelain, such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) [16,23], proton-induced X-Ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) [24,25], instrumental Neutron activation analysis (INAA) [15,19,26], laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) [27][28][29][30], Raman spectroscopy (RM) [31][32][33][34], etc. and mass spectrometry (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) [12,13], laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) [35,36] and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) [13,37] For the assessment of these analytical techniques in archaeology, the involved time, destructiveness to the sample, sensitivity as well as multi-elemental analysis capability should be taken into consideration [38][39][40].…”

Data-driven research on chemical features of Jingdezhen and Longquan celadon by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence

“…It has been well known that the contents of macro and micro elements in the body and glaze of porcelain are dependent on the raw material and firing technology [5,6]. Li et al [7] used EDXRF to confirm that the raw materials of imperial Longquan porcelain [9] is a research on the early celadon of Jingdezhen and its initial development. It comparatively analyzed the EDXRF data from Nan and Lantin kiln sites in Jingdezhen and explained the difference in chemical composition and processing characteristics.…”