Study on Erosive and Magnetic Effects of Weighting Agent in a High Density Water-Based Drilling Fluid

Yan, Ling; Wang, J.H.; Xu, Xiaofeng; Feng, Jie; Liang, Hongbin; Xing, Xiang

doi:10.4043/24787-ms

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This fine grain size of particles is helpful for minimizing the erosion of the equipment, as the larger particles of weighting materials increase its abrasiveness. 38 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Hematite Settling in Water-Based Mud at High Pressure and High Temperature

et al. 2021

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Hematite was recently introduced as a weighting agent in drilling fluids; however, its use has some problems because of the settlement of solid particles (solid sagging). Particularly when it comes to high-pressure high-temperature (HP/HT) wells, sagging causes inconsistency in the drilling fluid and gives rise to serious drilling operational and technical challenges. This work provides a solution to this challenge via a thorough investigation of hematite sagging in water-based mud for HP/HT applications where ilmenite is combined with hematite. The particles of both hematite and ilmenite were first characterized to address their mineralogical and textural features. Field mud formulation was employed using several ilmenite/hematite contents (i.e., 0/100, 25/75, and 50/50% ilmenite/hematite). Then, laboratory experiments were conducted to study the density, pH, and sag performance of the produced drilling fluids. From the sagging tests, the optimal ilmenite/hematite ratio was determined, and rheology, viscoelastic behavior, and filtration properties of the formulated mud were addressed. The tests were conditioned to 300 psi and 250 °F. The results showed a reduction in mud density and pH with increasing ilmenite content, as the density reduced from15 ppg with base hematite until 14.2 ppg for the 50% ilmenite mixture and the pH reduced from 10.5 to 9.3. The static and dynamic sag tests indicated that the addition of 25% of ilmenite solved the hematite-incorporated sagging issue by well placing the sag tendency within the recommended safe range. The 25/75% combination enhanced the yield point (YP) by 37% with only 1 cP increment in plastic viscosity (PV) and an insignificant effect on the gel strength. The YP/PV ratio was improved by 31% indicating better hole cleaning and solid suspension. The filtration behavior of the 25% ilmenite mixture was superior compared to that of the blank hematite because it resulted in 35, 39, and 35% reduction in the filtrate volume, filter-cake weight, and thickness, respectively. This work contributes to improving and economizing the drilling cost and time by the formulation of a stabilized and distinguished-performance drilling mud using combined weighting agents at HP/HT.

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“…This fine grain size of particles is helpful for minimizing the erosion of the equipment, as the larger particles of weighting materials increase its abrasiveness. 38 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Hematite Settling in Water-Based Mud at High Pressure and High Temperature

et al. 2021

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“…The small used particle size helps in avoiding equipment erosion as hematite is highly abrasive at particle sizes greater than 45 μm. 18 , 23 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 19 − 22 The higher abrasiveness of hematite can be avoided by optimizing its particle size with less than 45 μm. 18 , 23 However, in high-pressure high-temperature conditions, where higher density mud is required to suppress the formation pressure, 24 the settling rate of solids is increased. 18 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Hematite-Based Invert Emulsion Mud Stability at High-Pressure High-Temperature Wells

et al. 2020

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Drilling fluids have a crucial continued role in drilling a successful well; however, most of the drilling technical and operational challenges are incorporated with the drilling mud stability and properties. The solid particles settling in drilling mud that deteriorates its stability is a common issue encountered in high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) conditions. This issue, known as solids sagging, may eventually result in stuck pipes, wellbore instability, and loss of circulation. The objective of this work is to introduce garamite to enhance the stability of hematite-based invert emulsion mud under HPHT situations. The used garamite and hematite weighting material were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and particle size distribution to identify their compositions, morphologies, and particle sizes. The effects of adding different concentrations of garamite (0.5, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 g) to the field formula of hematite-based invert emulsion mud were investigated. The mud density, stability, sagging tendency, rheology, viscoelasticity, and filtration properties were studied to formulate a stabilized and distinguished-performance drilling mud. The obtained results indicated that garamite did not change the mud density while enhancing the emulsion stability by increasing the electrical stability proportionally with the added garamite quantity. The sagging experiments showed that adding 1.25 g of garamite is sufficient to prevent the sagging problem in both static and dynamic conditions as it was enough to enforce the sag parameters into the safe range of sag performance indicators. This 1.25 g of garamite improved the yield point by 152% from 19 to 48 lb./100 ft 2 with a slight increase in plastic viscosity from 14 cP for base mud to 18 cP and significant increase in the gelling strength and viscoelastic properties. Adding 1.25 g of garamite showed a slight enhancement in the filtration properties as the filtrate volume was reduced by 8% from 3.7 to 3.4 cm 3 and the filter cake thickness has 16% reduction from 2.69 to 2.26 mm. As a result, a mud with distinguished performance, in terms of rheology, suspension, sag performance, and stability, was obtained. Hence, a basis for safely drilling the HPHT formations was delivered, which reduces the drilling cost by minimizing the nonproductive time.

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“…Manganese tetraoxide is a water-dispersible additive with narrow particle size distribution, high density (4.8 SG) and hardness (Yan et al 2014). The composition of the used cement is presented in table 1.…”

Section: Materials and Slurry Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing High Resistant Cement Systems for High-pressure, Hightemperature Applications

2015

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Worldwide growing in hydrocarbon demand is driving the oil and gas companies to explore areas with more hostile conditions, such as high-pressure, high-temperature conditions. By increasing the number of projects in these conditions improved technology, material selection and testing procedures are required to overcome the challenges. One of the main reasons, causing the cement systems to fail in these environments, is concentration of stresses inside the wellbore induced by downhole changes of temperature and pressure. Therefore the objective of this work is to develop a high resistant cement system. The stress resistant cement systems in this study are produced by adding silica sands and silica flour to the dry cements. To study the effect of temperature and pressure on strength properties of set cements all samples are cured at elevated temperatures and pressures. Also the effect of curing time on the strength properties are investigated. The results show that the developed cement systems with silica flour show more strength properties, due to its microstructure properties. In these cement systems, the number of cracks and micro fracture are less than the systems with silica sand due to the fine particles size of silica flour. The cracks and fractures inside the failed set cement systems serve as pathways for formation fluids to the surface, and thus reducing the life of the well. Increasing the concentration of silica sand and silica flour will increase the strength properties but at the same time it strongly affects the other properties of cement slurry. So additives have been used to adjust other essential properties of cement systems.

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Study on Erosive and Magnetic Effects of Weighting Agent in a High Density Water-Based Drilling Fluid

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Prevention of Hematite Settling in Water-Based Mud at High Pressure and High Temperature

Prevention of Hematite Settling in Water-Based Mud at High Pressure and High Temperature

Enhancing Hematite-Based Invert Emulsion Mud Stability at High-Pressure High-Temperature Wells

Developing High Resistant Cement Systems for High-pressure, Hightemperature Applications

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