Different physicochemical parameters of the food additive azo dye, viz., tartrazine (TZ), were thoroughly examined using three important ionic liquids (ILs) in aqueous solutions, viz., benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (BTMAC), benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTEAC), and benzyltributylammonium chloride (BTBAC). In order to understand the plausible interactions of TZ with the ILs, various physicochemical properties have been studied, including viscosity (η), density (ρ), refractive index (n D ), surface tension, and conductance at different temperatures. Moreover, molar refraction (R M ), the apparent molar volume (Φ V ) derived from the Masson equation, limiting molar refraction (R M 0 ) from the Lorentz−Lorenz equation, and coefficient of viscosity (B) from the Jones−Dole equation were used to evaluate the molecular interactions between TZ and the ILs at various temperatures and concentrations. Various thermodynamic parameters, such as Δμ 1 0⧧ , Δμ 2 0⧧ , TΔS 2 0⧧ , and ΔH 2 0⧧ suggest the strong interactions observed in these systems. Gibbs's free energy change suggests the spontaneity of the system. The 1 H NMR and UV−vis spectroscopy data also support our theoretical and experimental findings. Density functional theory was used to determine the optimum energies with optimized geometries for the molecular assembly of the ternary system (TZ + IL + H 2 O) in order to validate the experimental observations.