Study on Hybrid Characteristics of Medicinally Used Cultivated Codonopsis Species Using Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Sequencing

Abstract

Codonopsis taxa, as a traditional Chinese medicinal and edible plant, has found expanding domestic and foreign applications in recent decades. However, the poor management in germplasm resources market has inevitably caused an unnecessary hybrid of the provenances. In order to clarify the hybrid characteristics of germplasm resources in the main production area, the Codonopsis cultivars collected from the provinces Gansu, Shannxi, Shanxi, and Hubei of China were researched, using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence technology. The confirmation of additive nucleotides based on the ITS sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mixture was optimized and used to study the hybrid of Codonopsis cultivars. The results showed that when the ratio of PCR mixture increased up to 15 percent, the presence of a double peak in the sequencing electrophoresis map could be confirmed, suggesting the existence of additive nucleotides. According to the method above, 46 samples of Codonopsis cultivars collected during 2016 and 2017 were studied and compared with the samples collected from the year 2009 to 2010. All of the samples collected during 2016 and 2017 were hybridized and no genetic pure lines were found. In addition, the sites of variable base reduced greatly, concentrating at positions 122 and/or 226. These phenomena suggested that the genetic diversity of Codonopsis cultivars declined and the germplasm resources gradually converged. More attention should be paid to the reasonable exploitation and genetic breeding of Codonopsis taxa.

Analysis of 14 terpenoids and sterols and variety discrimination of Codonopsis Radix using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

“…Through PCA and hierarchical cluster analysis, we classified 23 batches of samples into two categories: (1) C. pilosula, and C. pilosula var. modesta and (2) C.tangshen, which was consistent with the findings of Liang et al through molecular phylogenetic tree based on the ITS Gene Sequences [35]. The paternity correlation of C. pilosula and C. pilosula var.…”

“…modesta and (2) C.tangshen , which was consistent with the findings of Liang et al. through molecular phylogenetic tree based on the ITS Gene Sequences [35]. The paternity correlation of C. pilosula and C. pilosula var.…”

Identification and validation of ITS2-specific universal primers for DNA barcoding in plants

“…ITS2 F -AGGAGAAGTCGTAACAAG ITS2 R -GTTTCTTTTCCTCCGCT (Inglis et al, 2018) 16. ITS2 F-GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG ITS2 R -TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC (Liang et al, 2018) 17. ITS2 F -ATGCGATACTTGGTGTGAATTATAGAAT ITS2 R -GACGCTTCTCCAGACTACAAT (Q.…”

Mulch alleviates the continuous crop barriers of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. by regulating the soil bacterial community

“…Nannf., a perennial herb of the Platycodonaceae family, is used as medicine and food and is the main economic crop for local farmers (Wu et al, 2017). This medicine has pharmacological effects, such as making benefits gas, anti‐cancer and strengthening, and it is an important traditional Chinese herb and food product in the country (Liang et al, 2018). The area around Lintao County, Weiyuan County and Min County in Dingxi City, Gansu Province, China, is the main production area of ‘Baitiao’ C. pilosula , accounting for approximately 30% of the cultivated area of the species in the country.…”